2017-3-doc

Hanna Sokolova. Psychological Characteristics of Defensiveness of Parents Raising Children with Down’s Syndrome.

(2017) Science and education, 3, 23-28. Odessa.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2414-4665-2017-3-4

Hanna Sokolova,
PhD (Candidate of Psychological Sciences), senior lecturer,
South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky,
4, Fontanska Doroha Str., Odesa, Ukraine

PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF DEFENSIVENESS
OF PARENTS RAISING CHILDREN WITH DOWN’S SYNDROME

SUMMARY:

One of the important signs of psychological reality in families raising children with Down’s syndrome is the use of various psychological defense mechanisms by parents, which greatly simplifies the experiencing of difficult life situations. The study is aimed at investigating the peculiarities of parents’ defensiveness as a significant component of their psychological reality. The survey involved 120 people (80 mothers and 40 fathers) raising children with Down’s syndrome. The following research tools were used in the experiment: Life Style Index by P. Plutchik and G. Kellerman aimed to examine the defensiveness of the surveyed, and the test "Interaction between parent and their child" by I. Markovska was applied to assess the interaction between the surveyed and their children. Among eight defensiveness mechanisms, the severity of the four following ones significantly distinguishes mothers and fathers: repression, regression, intellectualization, and reaction formation. The greatest differences have been found in the use of regression: mothers often use this mechanism, whereas fathers are more likely to rationalize and schematize anxious feelings and thoughts using intellectualization. Mothers also tend to transform negative feelings into opposite ones (reaction formation). If socio-normative level of defensiveness intensiveness is conditioned by socio-cultural peculiarities of the society, the research results are considered to be alarming, because it means that the social conditions of the Ukrainian society do not contribute to the formation of harmonious relations between parents and their abnormal children. Along with this, the defensiveness of not only parents but also other family members should be taken into account and investigated.

KEYWORDS:

personality, down syndrome, psychological reality, psychological defense mechanism, style of parentchild interaction.

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REFERENCES:

1. Bassin, F. V., Burlakova, M. K., Volkov, V. N. (1988). Problema psikhologicheskoy zaschity [The issue of psychological defense]. Psihologicheskiy zhurnal – Psychological journal, 3, 79-86 [in Russian].
2. Vyigotskiy, L. S. (2013). Voprosy detskoy psikhologii [Issues of child psychology]. Saint Petersburg: Soyuz [in Russian].
3. Granovskaya, R. M. (2015). Elementy prakticheskoy psikhologii [Elements of practical psychology]. Saint Petersburg: Piter [in Russian].
4. Grebennikov, L. R. (1994). Mehanizmy psikhologicheskoy zaschity: genezis, funktsionirovanie, diagnostika [Mechanisms of psychological defense: genesis, functioning, assessment]. Candidate’s thesis. Moscow [in Russian].
5. Zachepitskiy, R. A. (2012). Sotsialnyie i biologicheskie aspekty psikhologicheskoy zaschityi [Social and biological aspects of psychological defense]. Sotsialno-psihologicheskie issledovaniya v psikhonevrologii – Psychosocial studies in psychoneurology. Saint Petersburg: Piter [in Russian].
6. Kovtun, R. A. (2011). Programa rozvitku komunIkativnih zdIbnostey dItey z sindromom Dauna. – avtoref. dis. na zdobuttya nauk. stupenya kand. psih. nauk : spets 19.00.08 – SpetsIalna psihologIya / R. A. Kovtun. – Odesa [in Russian].
7. Minenko, A. V. (2012). Dvizhuschaya sila psihodramy v rabote s detmi s sindromom Dauna i ikh roditelyami [Moving force of psychodrama in work with children with Down's syndrome and their parents]. Zhurnal prakticheskogo psikhologa: nauchnoprakticheskiy zhurnal – Journal of practical psychologist, 6, 128-137 [in Russian].
8. Nalchadzhyan, A. A. (1988). Sotsialnopsikhicheskaya adaptatsiya lichnosti: formy, mehanizmy i strategii [Socio-psychic adaptation of a personality: forms, mechanisms and strategies]. Erevan: Izd-vo AN Arm. SSR [in Russian].
9. Petrovskogo, A. V., Yaroshevskogo, M. G. (1990). Psikhologiya. Slovar [Psychology. Dictionary]. 2 nd ed. Moscow: Politizdat [in Russian].
10. Usanova, O. N. (2014). Spetsialnaya psihologiya [Special psychology]. Saint Petersburg: Piter [in Russian].

Maryna Mischenko, Nataliia Shelenkova. Future Psychologists’ Burnout Syndrome: Results of an Empirical Study.

(2017) Science and education, 3, 28-32. Odessa.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2414-4665-2017-3-5

Maryna Mischenko,
PhD (Candidate of Psychological Sciences), senior lecturer,
Department of Psychology,
Nataliia Shelenkova,
PhD (Candidate of Psychological Sciences), associate professor,
Department of Psychology,
Pavlo Tychyna Uman State Pedagogical University,
2, Sadova Str., Uman, Ukraine

FUTURE PSYCHOLOGISTS’ BURNOUT SYNDROME:
RESULTS OF AN EMPIRICAL STUDY

SUMMARY:

The issue of psychologists’ burnout is one of the most important in the aspect of improvement of future psychologists’ professional training. Mastering professional skills leads to a gradual change in the structure of future psychologists’ personality: there is consolidation and intensive development of personal qualities that promote successful activity, on the one hand, and changes, inhibition and even destruction of balancing structures that are not involved in the process of professional development, on the other. The article deals with the relationship among burnout syndrome, psychological defense mechanisms and individual psychological characteristics. To achieve the goal of the study psychodiagnostic methods allowing to investigate future psychologists’ burnout syndrome have been used. Based on these data using correlation analysis the relationship among burnout syndrome, psychological defense mechanisms and individual psychological characteristics has been revealed.

KEYWORDS:

psychologist, burnout, professional activity, psychological defense mechanisms, individual psychological characteristics.

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REFERENCES:

1. Dudiak, V. (2007). Emotsiine vyhorannia [Burnout]. Kyiv: Hlavnyk [in Ukrainian].
2.Nikiforov, G. S. (2006). Psikhologiia zdorovya [Psychology of health]. Saint Petersburg: Piter [in Russian].
3. Poliakova, O. B. (2008). Psikhogigiyena i profilaktika professionalnykh deformatsiy lichnosti [Psychohygiene and prevention of personal professional deformations]. Moscow: MPSI.

Nataliia Sieromakha. Studying the Features of Mentally Retarded Adolescents’ Nonverbal Behaviour.

(2017) Science and education, 3, 32-36. Odessa.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2414-4665-2017-3-6

Nataliia Sieromakha,
PhD (Candidate of Psychological Sciences), associate professor,
Department of Defectology and Psychological Correction,
Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University,
1, Gogolia Square, Starobilsk, Ukraine

STUDYING THE FEATURES OF MENTALLY RETARDED
ADOLESCENTS’ NONVERBAL BEHAVIOUR

SUMMARY:

The paper is focused on the psychological essence of the concept “nonverbal behaviour”; its components have been specified, namely: understanding other people’s nonverbal behaviour, the ability to correlate nonverbal characteristics corresponding to a certain emotional state; the level of verbal communication development, social experience in the process of assessing other people’s behaviour according to the standards determined by moral criteria. The programme and the main findings of experimental research of the peculiarities of nonverbal behaviour in mentally retarded adolescents are represented.

KEYWORDS:

nonverbal behaviour, behaviour interpretation, the level of awareness, mental retardation, adolescence.

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REFERENCES:

1. Agavelyan, O. K. (1999). Sotsialno-pertseptivnye osobennosti detei s narusheniiami razvitiia [Socially perceptive features of children with developmental disabilities]. Cheliabinsk: ChTU [in Russian].
2. Gorelov, I. N. (2009). Neverbalnye komponenty kommunikatsii [Nonverbal components of communication]. Moscow: Knizhnyi dom ―LIBROKOM‖ [in Russian].
3. Kostin, D. V. (2009). Issledovanie neverbalnogo komponenta obscheniya u detey s retardatsionnym tipom dizontogeneza [The study of nonverbal communication of mentally retarded children]. Sovremennye naukoemkie tekhnologii – Contemporary science-based technology. (pp. 89-106). Moscow [in Russian].
4. Krutetskiy, V. A., & Lukin, N. S. (1965). Psikhologiya podrostka [Adolescent psychology]. Moscow: Prosveschenie [in Russian].
5. Labunskaya, V. A. (1991). Neverbalnoe povedenie [Nonverbal behaviour]. Moscow: Prosveschenie [in Russian].
6. Labunskaya, V. A. (1999). Usloviya opoznaniya emotsionalnykh sostoianiy po vyrazheniyu litsa [Conditions for recognising emotional states according to facial expressions]. Teoreticheskie i prikladnye problemy psikhologii poznaniya lyudmi drug druga – Theoretical and applied aspects of psychology of people’s knowing each other. (pp. 52-63). Moscow [in Russian].
7. Synov, V. M., Matvieieva, M. P., & Khokhlina, O. P. (2008). Psykholohiia rozumovo vidstaloi dytyny [Psychology of mentally retarded children]. Kyiv: Znannia [in Ukrainian].
8. Cherepkova, N. V. & Korshikova, L. V. (2013). Issledovanie neverbalnykh komponentov obscheniya u uchaschikhsya s narusheniem intellekta [The study of nonverbal components of communication between mentally retarded students]. Kavkazskiy federalnyi universitet – Caucasus federal university. (pp. 82-89). Stavropol [in Russian].
9. Shipitsyna, L. M., & Zaschirinskaya, O. V. (2009). Neverbalnoe obschenie u detey pri normalnom i narushennom intellekte [Nonverbal communication between mentally retarded and mentally healthy children]. St. Petersburg: Rech [in Russian].

Vadym Zavatskyi, Anatoliy Tkach, Andrii Fedorov. Socio-Psychological Principles of Supporting Personality’s Subjective Well-Being in Contemporary Society.

(2017) Science and education, 3, 37-40. Odessa.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2414-4665-2017-3-7

Vadym Zavatskyi,
PhD (Candidate of Psychological Sciences), associate professor,
Department of Practical Psychology and Social Work,
Volodymyr Dahl East Ukrainian National University,
59A, Tsentralnyi Avenue, Severodonetsk, Ukraine ,
Anatoliy Tkach,
Dr hab., professor, Department of Theoretical Economics,
Rzeszow University of Technology,
12, Powstańców Warszawy Str., 35-959, Rzeszow, Poland
Andrii Fedorov,
Vice-rector, Volodymyr Dahl East Ukrainian National University,
59-a, Zentralnyi avenue, Severodonetsk, Ukraine

SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF SUPPORTING PERSONALITY’S
SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING IN CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY

SUMMARY:

The paper aims to analyse the principles of the development and functioning of the integrated socio-psychological programme of supporing subjective well-being of a married person. Psychocorrection involved 52 participants (26 married couples) who formed the experimental group (EG) and 54 participants (27 couples) who formed the control one (CG). The participants of the study were divided into the groups on a voluntary basis. The participants of the control group did not undergo any psychocorrectional treatment. The participants of the experimental group were divided into 5 subgroups, each of them consisting of 8-12 people. During 6 months, each subgroup attended psychocorrectional sessions twice a week; after that, the sessions were conducted once a week for 6 months more. The programme was being implemented in three successive stages, each of them included thematic, organisational and reflexive substages and was represented by a set of sessions targeted at achieving a certain goal. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the data obtained after formative impact makes it possible to conclude that the chosen methods of psychological aid in socio-psychological support of subjective well-being of a married person are effective for solving the following problems: increasing the level of emotional comfort; self-fulfilment in marriage at the operational level, the level of values and role sets; optimism; moral motivation; development of reflexion, internality, self-analysis skills, the ability to differentiate and express one’s emotions; expanding the experience in conflict-free communication in the system of interpersonal familial role-based interaction of spouses, orientation at self-actualisation; increasing the general integrated index of satisfaction with marriage.

KEYWORDS:

a personality, subjective well-being, counselling, psychocorrection, psychotherapy.

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REFERENCES:

1. Abulkhanova-Slavskayа, K. A. (1991). Strategiyа zhizni [Strategy of life]. Moscow: Mysl [in Russian].
2. Brynza, I. V., Ryazantseva, Ye. Yu. (2008). Problema issledovaniya resursov lichnosti v psikhologicheskoy nauke [Study of personal resources in psychology]. Aktualnі problemy psykholohii Іnstitutu psikholohii іm. H. S. Kostiuka: zb. nauk. prats – Topical issues of psychology: collection of scientific works of G. S. Kostiuk Institute of Psychology, 6, 126-130. S. D. Maksimenko, M. V. Papucha (Eds.). Kyiv-Nіzhyn [in Russian].
3. Vasilyuk, F. Ye. (1995). Zhiznennyi mir i krizis: Tipologicheskii analiz kriticheskikh situatsiy [Life and crisis: typological review of crisis situations]. Psikhologicheskiy zhurnal – Psychological journal, 3, 90- 101 [in Russian].
4. Chepelieva, N. V., Smulson, M. L., Zazymko, O. V., Hutsol, S. Yu. et al. (2016). Samoproektuvannia osobystosti u dyskursyvnomu prostori: monohrafiia [Selfdesigning of a personality in the discursive space: monograph]. Kyiv: Pedahohichna dumka. Retrieved from: http://lib.iitta.gov.ua/704560/ [in Ukrainian].
5. Smulson, M. L. (2014). Mistse samoproektuvannia u proektnii paradyhmi [Place of self-designing in the design paradigm]. Aktualni problemy psykholohii: zb. nauk. prats Instytutu psykholohii im. H. S. Kostiuka NAPN Ukrainy – Topical issues of psychology: collection of scientific works of G. S. Kostiuk Institute of Psychology, 8, 16-29. Zhytomyr: Vydavnytstvo ZhDU im. I. Franka [in Ukrainian].
6. Tytarenko, T. M., Kochubeinyk, O. M. & Cheremnykh, K. O. (2014). Psykholohichni praktyky konstruiuvannia zhyttia v umovakh postmodernoi sotsialnosti: monohrafiia [The psychological practice of designing life in postmodern sociality: monograph]. Kyiv: Milenium [in Ukrainian].
7. Fridman, Dzh, & Kombs, Dzh. (2001). Konstruirovanie inykh realnostey. Istoriya i rasskazy kak terapiya [Construction of other realities. The history and stories as a therapy]. Moscow: Klass [in Russian].
8. Chepelieva, N. V. (2014). Rozuminnia ta interpretatsiia zhyttievoho dosvidu yak chynnyk samoproektuvannia osobystosti [Understanding and interpretation of life experience as a factor personality’s self-designing]. Nauka i osvita: naukovo-praktychnyi zhurnal Pivdennoukrainskoho natsionalnoho pedahohichnoho universytetu imeni K. D. Ushynskoho – Science and education: academic journal of South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky, 9/СХХYІ, 22-25 [in Ukrainian].
9. Schukina, M. A. (2014). Napravleniya issledovaniy samorazvitiya v sovremennoy zarubezhnoy psikhologii [Research areas of self-development in contemporary foreign psychology]. Voprosy psikhologii – Psychological issues, 4, 94-106 [in Russian].

Anastasiia Mukhina. Awareness of Physiological Differentiation and Functional Peculiarities of Men and Women in Mentally Retarded Adolescent Girls.

(2017) Science and education, 3, 41-44. Odessa.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24195/2414-4665-2017-3-8

Anastasiia Mukhina,
PhD (Candidate of Psychological Sciences), associate professor,
Department of Defectology and Psychological Correction,
Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University,
1, Gogolia Square, Starobilsk, Ukraine

AWARENESS OF PHYSIOLOGICAL DIFFERENTIATION
AND FUNCTIONAL PECULIARITIES OF MEN AND WOMEN
IN MENTALLY RETARDED ADOLESCENT GIRLS

SUMMARY:

The paper is focused on studying the peculiarities of the process of gender and gender-role identity formation in mentally retarded adolescent girls. The summative experiment, which involved organised talk and projective technique “Drawing one’s own and opposite sex”, was used to identify the level of their awareness of differential distinctions between men and women, their functional peculiarities and the impact of gender identity on social expectations and behaviour.

KEYWORDS:

gender, role, identity, physiological peculiarities, masculinity, feminity.

FULL TEXT:

REFERENCES:

1. Hovorun, T. V. (Ed.). (1996). Vykhovateliu pro psykholohiiu ta povedinku seksualnoho rozvytku dytyny [About psychology and behaviour of child’s sexual development]. Kyiv: Instytut zmistu i metodiv navchannia [in Ukrainian].
2. Zaigrayeva, N. V. (2007). Gendernaya sotsializatsiya i polorolevye predstavleniya podrostkov s intellektualnoy nedostachnostyu [Gender socialization and gender-role awareness of adolescents with mental retardation]. Defektologiya – Defectology, 2, 46-51 [in Russian].
3. Nugayeva, O. G. (2002). Opredeleniye ponyatiya «narusheniya polovoi identifikatsii» [Definition of the concept "sex-role identificantion"]. Sovershenstvovaniye korrektsionno-razvivayuschey raboty s detmi v spetsialnykh uchrezhdeniyakh – Improvement of correctional and developmental work with children attending special needs school. V. Korkunov (Ed.). Yekaterinburg [in Russian].
4. Synov, V. M., Matvieieva, M. P., & Khokhlina, O. P. (2008). Psykholohiia rozumovo vidstaloi dytyny: Pidruchnyk [Psychology of mentally retarded children: Textbook]. Kyiv: Znannia [in Ukrainian].
5. Shipitsyna, L. M. (2005). «Neobuchaemyi» rebenok v semye i obschestve [Learning-disabled children in families and society]. Moscow; St. Petersburg: Rech [in Russian].
6. Nosov, N. N. (1991). Formirovanie neadekvatnoy samoidentichnosti i agressivnost [The formation of inadequate self-identity and aggressiveness]. Voprosy psikhicheskogo zdorovya detey i podrostkov – Issues of mental health of children and adolescents, 1. Prosveshchenie [in Russian].
7. Romanova, V. G. (2000). Osoblyvostі statevorolovykh stereotipіv pіdlіtkіv [Peculiarities of adolescents’ gender-role stereotypes]. Praktychna psykholohіia ta sotsіalna robota – Practical psychology and social work, 8, 39–43 [in Ukrainian].