(2017) Science and education, 3, 78-84. Odessa.

Oleksandr Sannikov,
Doctor of Psychology, senior researcher, associate professor,
Department of Theory and Methodology of Applied Psychology,
South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky,
4, Fontanska Doroha Str., Odessa, Ukraine

CONCEPTUAL BASES OF RESEARCHING THE
ISSUE OF MAKING DECISIONS BY A PERSONALITY

The paper aims to systematize and structure the approaches, concepts and theories of decision-making in psychology; define the principles of studying the choice of a personality; develop the psychological system of decision-making by a personality. The review of psycho-pedagogical, socio-philosophical and economic literature has made it possible to identify the approaches to the study of the phenomenon of “decision-making”, its structure, mechanisms and factors that determine its effectiveness. The main ones are the following: strategic and style, normative approach, cognitive and target, regulatory and volitional, system and structural and subject and activity, providing the appropriate projection of the problem of choice of the personality. The insufficient development of the issue studied can be overcome by a deeper examination of the specifics of life decisions made by the personality. It seems productive to shift the focus of scientific interest from studying decision-making in the context of the activity to be performed to the personal context where the personality making life decisions becomes the object of research as well as the configuration of the psychological system, describing the features of the choice. The life decision is determinative at all stages of human existence, provides a constructive way out of various life situations, the formation and realization of the life path of the individual as a whole. The psychological system of making life decisions reflects the integrity of the personality which is formed by interrelated and complexly organized functional blocks and components. The structure of the properties forming the components of the system has a clearly expressed and stable character, retaining its characteristics within the type of life decision being made. Decisiveness is considered to be an integral characteristic of the personality, the ability to make mature life decisions easily and independently, selectively using personal resources.

decision-making, choice of personality, personal approach to decision making, decision-making theory, psychological decision making system, concept of personality choice.

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8. Romenets, V. A. (1990). Istoriia psykholohii XVII stolittia [History of Psychology of the 17th century]. Kyiv: Vyshha shkola [in Ukrainian].
9. Sannikov, A. I. (2016). Psikhologicheskie mekhanizmy zhiznennogo vybora lichnosti [Psychological mechanisms of making a choice by a personality]. Nauka i osvita – Science and education, 11, 91-97 [in Russian].
10. Sannikov, A. I. (2016). «Reshimost» i «reshitelnost» v psikhologicheskoi sisteme priniatiia lichnostiu zhiznennykh reshenii [“Decisiveness” and “resolution” in the psychological system of making everyday decisions by a personality]. Teoretychni i prykladni problemy psykholohii – Theoretical and applied problems of psychology : Collected Works of East Ukrainian National University of Vladimir Dal (Vol. 1(39), (pp. 201– 213). Severodonetsk [in Russian].
11. Sannikov, A. I. (2015). Psikhologiya zhiznennogo vybora lichnosti: Monografiya [Psychology of life choices of a personality: monograph]. Odessa: Izd-vo VMV [in Russian].
12. Sokhan, L. V. (2010). Iskusstvo zhiznetvorchestva. Prednaznachenie. Zhiznetvorchestvo. Sudba: Sotsiologicheskie ocherki, sotsialno-psikhologicheskie esse, interviu, glossarii [The Art of Life Creation. Purpose. Life-making. Fate: Sociological essays, sociopsychological essays, interviews, glossary]. Kiev: Izdat. Dom Dmitriia Burago [in Russian].
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14. Kelly, G. A. (1955). The psychology of personal constructs. A theory of personality. (Vol. 1). New York: Norton [in English].
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(2017) Science and education, 3, 85-89. Odessa.

Anna Shydelko,
PhD (Candidate of Sociological Sciences), associate professor,
Department of General Psychology,
Lviv State University of Internal Affairs,
1, Kryvonosa Str., Lviv, Ukraine

EMOTIONAL STABILITY OF AN INDIVIDUAL: RESEARCH INTO THE TOPIC

The paper aims to provide a critical review of the theoretical substantiation of the phenomenon of emotional stability in scientific literature, to categorize scholars’ views on psychological peculiarities of emotional stability in adulthood. The study deals with the psychological theories of personality by S. Rubinstein; theories of emotional phenomena by L. Abolin, B. Vardanyan, E. Ilyin, J. Reykowski, O. Chernikova; basic principles of psychocorrection and psycho-social training by T. Yatsenko; manifestations of emotional life by V. Semychenko and others. Emotional stability is considered as a multifaceted integrative personality trait based on four main components – emotional (emotional anxiety or arousal), motivational (power of motivation), intellectual (evaluation, prediction, decision-making in extraordinary situations), typological (peculiarities of the nervous system) – which determine the performance and adequacy of behavior of an individual in solving problems under extreme and stressful conditions. It is an integral part of personal development and adaptation to the world. Emotional stability and emotional vulnerability can be contrasted as opposing properties in terms of their importance for the successful balancing of an individual within the ever-changing environment.

emotional stability, an individual, activity, behavior, adulthood, mental state.

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6. Ilyin, E. P. (2008). Yemotsii i tshuvstva [Emotions and feelings]. St. Petersburg: Peter [in Russian].
7. Krupnik, E.P. (2006). Natsionalnoe samosoznanie. Vvedenie v problemu [National selfawareness. Introduction to the problem]. Moscow: Moscow Psychological and Social Institute [in Russian].
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9. Pisarenko, V. M. (1986). Rol psikhiki v obespechenii emotsionalnoi ustoichivosti cheloveka [The role of psyche in providing human emotional stability]. Psikhologicheskii zhurnal – Psychological journal, 1, 62- 73 (Vol. 7) [in Russian].
10. Prokhorov, A. O. (1999). Neravnovesnye psikhicheskie sostoyaniya [Unstable psychic states]. Psikhologicheskii zhurnal – Psychological journal, 2, 115-124 [in Russian].
11. Prokhorov, A. O. (1988). Psikhologiia neravnovesnykh sostoianii [Psychology of moral states]. Moscow: Institut psikhologii RAN [in Russian].
12. Reikovskii, Ya. (1999). Eksperimentalnaya psikhologiya emotsiy [Experimental psychology of emotions]. Moscow: Progress [in Russian].
13. Semichenko, V. A. (2001). Psykholohіia osobystostі [Psychology of personality]. Kyiv: vid. O. M. Eshke [in Ukrainian].
14. Uznadze, D. N. (2001). Psikhologiya ustanovki [Psychology of attitude]. Saint Petersburg: Piter [in Russian].
15. Chernikova, O. A. Emotsionalnye sostoianiia v sporte [Emotional states in sports]. Retrieved from: http://www.studfiles.ru/preview/5458217/page:11. [in Russian].
16. Yatsenko, T. S. (2004). Teoriia i praktyka hrupovoi psykhokorektsii: Aktyvne sotsialno-psykholohichne navchannia: navchalnyi posibnyk [Theory and practice of group psychocorrection: active psychosocial trainings: study guide]. Kyiv: Vyshcha shkola [in Ukrainian].

(2017) Science and education, 3, 90-96. Odessa.

Olena Proskurniak,
Doctor of Psychology,
Head of the Department of Correctional Education and Special Psychology,
Municipal institution “Kharkiv Humanitarian-Pedagogical Academy”
of Kharkiv Regional Council,
7, Rustaveli lane, Kharkiv, Ukraine

DIAGNOSTIC METHODOLOGY OF COMMUNICATIVE ACTIVITY
DEVELOPMENT LEVELS IN ADOLESCENTS WITH MENTAL RETARDATION

Communication is a leading activity in adolescence. Due to the peculiarities of mentally retarded adolescents’ cognitive sphere, they have certain complications in communication that affect socialization and adaptation processes, relationships with others. To create a technique of development and correction of communicative activity in adolescents with mental retardation it is necessary to determine communicative activity formation levels. However, studies analysed have proved that there is no complex diagnostic methodology of communicative activity. It determines the relevance of this research. The aim of the article is to illustrate peculiarities of creation of psychodiagnostic methodology for determining levels of communicative activity development in adolescents with mental retardation. To achieve the goal, the research methods to measure the range of techniques diagnosing mentally retarded adolescents’ communicative activity, methods of mathematical statistics for validity and reliability verification, generalization of scientific and practical achievements have been used. 300 adolescents with mental retardation have been examined with the help of the final version of the developed methodology. Psychological diagnostic methodology of communicative activity development in adolescents with mental retardation in its final version consists of five scales. Due to the content of statements the first scale is defined as “communicative activity”. The second one is “communicative competence”. The third scale is “communicative culture”. The fourth one is “communicative behaviour”. The fifth scale is “self-control of personality in communicative activity”. Based on the used diagnostic tools, levels of communicative activity formation (high, medium, low) have been identified and characterized.

adolescents, mental retardation, communicative activity, diagnostics, methodology, development.

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2. Kozyreva, V. P. (2011). Formirovaniye kommunikativnoy aktivnosti u detey d mnojestvennymi narusheniyami v protsesse korrektsionnoy raboty [Communicative activity formation in children with multiple disabilities in the process of correctional work]. Extended abstract of candidate's thesis. Moscow [in Russian].
3. Kolodych, O. B. (2005). Psykholohopedahohichni umovy formuvannya movlennyevoyi kompetentnosti u ditei iz ZPR v protsesi vyvchennya anhliyskoyi movy [Psycho-pedagogical conditions of speech competence formation in children with mental retardation in the process of studying English]. Extended abstract of candidate's thesis. Kyiv [in Ukrainian].
4. Korniyaka, О. М. (2006). Psykholohiya komunikatyvnoyi kultury shkolyara [Psychology of schoolchildren’s communicative culture]. Kyiv: Milenium [in Ukrainian].
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