2024-4-doc

Oleksiy Chebykin, Olena Kosyanova, Darya Kozynska FEATURES OF THE INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELF-ESTEEM AND DECEPTION IN ADOLESCENTS WITH VARIOUS MECHANISMS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DEFENSE

(2024) Science and education, 4, 71-82. Odessa.

DOI:https://doi.org/10.24195/2414-4665-2024-4-10

Oleksiy Chebykin,
Doctor of Psychological Sciences, Professor,
Full Member of National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of Ukraine,
Professor at the Department of Theory and Methods of Practical Psychology,
The state institution "South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky",
26, Staroportofrankivska Str., Odesa, Ukraine,
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7905-2708

Olena Kosyanova,
Candidate of Psychological Sciences,
Associate Professor at the Department of Theory
and Methods of Practical Psychology,
The state institution "South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky",
26, Staroportofrankivska, Str., Odesa, Ukraine,
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9532-9981

Darya Kozynska,
Student of the Faculty of Social and Humanitarian Sciences,
The state institution "South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky",
26, Staroportofrankivska Str., Odessa, Ukraine

FEATURES OF THE INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELF-ESTEEM AND DECEPTION IN ADOLESCENTS WITH VARIOUS MECHANISMS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DEFENSE

SUMMARY:

The article is devoted to the study of the features of the relationship between self-esteem and deception in adolescents with different mechanisms of psychological defense. The work considers the concepts of self-esteem and deception, analyzes their manifestations in adolescence. The study was conducted using a complex of theoretical and empirical methods, including multidimensional functional diagnostics of deception, diagnostics of self-esteem motivation of approval, research of self-esteem of personality and lifestyle index. It was found that adolescents with an average level of self-esteem often seek approval from others, which can lead to the use of deception as a means of achieving this goal. For adolescents with an average level of self-esteem, a connection between the motivation for approval and the tendency to deceive, the effect of regression, denial, suppression, substitution, intellectualization was found. Adolescents with a high level of self-esteem also strive for approval, but their self-esteem may be more stable. A mutual relationship was found between the motivation for approval, self-esteem and suppression; the tendency to deceive with manifestations of compensation, projection, suppression and reactive formations. It is shown that the motivation for approval and protective mechanisms play an important role in the formation of self-esteem and the tendency to deceive in adolescents.

KEYWORDS:

self-esteem, deception, adolescents, psychological defense, motivation for approval, regression, denial, suppression, substitution, intellectualization, compensation, projection, reactive formations

FULL TEXT:

REFERENCES:

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Oleksandr Sannikov, Laura Zhorniak SELF-ANALYSIS AND DECISION-MAKING

(2024) Science and education, 4, 62-70. Odessa.

DOI:https://doi.org/10.24195/2414-4665-2024-4-9

Oleksandr Sannikov,
Doctor of Psychological Sciences, Professor,
The state institution «South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University
named after K. D. Ushynsky»,
26, Staroportofrankivska Str., Odesa, Ukraine,
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6743-0182

Laura Zhorniak,
Bachelor of Specialty «053 Psychology»,
The state institution «South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University
named after K. D. Ushynsky»,
26, Staroportofrankivska Str., Odesa, Ukraine,
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8526-2705

SELF-ANALYSIS AND DECISION-MAKING

SUMMARY:

The results of a theoretical and empirical study of self-cognition of one’s own spiritual world, self-analysis, i.e. reflexivity, which is considered as a property of a professional’s personality, are presented. The intensive growth of applied studies of reflective processes, the separation of the psychology of reflection into an independent direction of applied psychology makes it urgent to study the patterns of its manifestation in the situation of choice, in decision-making, in various types of professional activity. The purpose of the article is to determine the role and place of self-cognition, reflexivity in decision-making, as well as to determine the regular interrelationships of reflexivity and personal properties of decision-making. An analysis of existing approaches to the understanding of «reflexivity» has been carried out, its functional capabilities as a supporting mechanism of professionalization of the individual, conditions of the situation under which reflexivity is deployed in professional self-realization have been shown. Reflexivity is considered as a personal property that manifests itself in the ability to be aware of and adequately evaluate oneself and the external world in order to act effectively in a changing environment. Reflexivity is the ability of a person to analyze themselves, to identify the motives of their actions and decisions, to evaluate their actions and events in the past, in the present and in the future (their emotional states, changes in personality traits and character, successful or unsuccessful results of the implementation of decisions and activities). In the theoretical analysis, the role of reflexivity in the life of an individual, the peculiarities of its manifestation in the acceptance of solutions, the stylistic peculiarity of reflexivity in situations of choice and implementation of actions in professional activity are considered. Reflexivity control function in the space of self-realization resources of the professional personality has been empirically confirmed. The results of the analysis of the studied characteristics are given on such widely used psychodiagnostic methods as the assessment of the level of reflexivity, the decision-making questionnaire, multidimensional scales of decisiveness, personal decision-making factors. With the help of correlation analysis, statistically significant relationships of reflexivity with decisiveness scales and decision-making properties of the individual have been determined. Statistically significant relationships that were found showed a higher level of relationships of reflexivity, indicators of foresight and diligence. Qualitative analysis using the method of profiles made it possible to study the psychological features of a professional’s decisiveness in individuals who differ in the level of reflexivity.

KEYWORDS:

self-cognition, reflexivity, individual’s decisiveness, decision-making, choice, professional

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REFERENCES:

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Olena Rybchuk OFFICER’S CRITICAL THINKING IN THE PROCESS OF OPERATIONAL PLANNING

(2024) Science and education, 4, 56-61. Odessa.

DOI:https://doi.org/10.24195/2414-4665-2024-4-8

Olena Rybchuk,
PhD Military Student at the Department of Social Sciences,
National Defence University of Ukraine,
28, Povitryanyh Sil Avenue, Kyiv, Ukraine,
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7544-6109

OFFICER’S CRITICAL THINKING IN THE PROCESS OF OPERATIONAL PLANNING

SUMMARY:

The article discusses the concept of critical thinking. It examines the role of this thinking in the activities of officers of the Armed Forces of Ukraine in the context of modern security challenges, particularly cognitive warfare. The author analyzes the concept of critical thinking based on the works of leading researchers such as M. Lipman, R. Paul, D. Klooster, and D. Halpern and contemporary Ukrainian researchers S. Terno, D. Kozachenko, and others. The key characteristics, components, and stages of critical thinking are highlighted. The importance of developing critical thinking in the professional training of officers is investigated. A comparative analysis of the stages of critical thinking with the steps of the military decision-making process (MDP) is carried out as one of the main elements of an officer's professional activity. The analysis results demonstrate how the structured decision-making process in the military sphere correlates with the general principles of critical thinking and standard and distinctive features. Particular attention is paid to the importance of a critical thinking attitude as a prerequisite for an effective decision-making process, as this attitude allows an officer to avoid hasty conclusions and ensures a thorough consideration of the problem. The article also highlights the relationship between metacognitive skills and critical thinking in the context of military activities. It is emphasized that metacognitive skills contribute to the development of critical thinking by providing tools for monitoring and evaluating one's thought processes.

KEYWORDS:

thinking, critical thinking, officers of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, development of critical thinking, military decision making process

FULL TEXT:

REFERENCES:

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Irуna Kuchmanych COMPONENTS AND STAGES OF THE SEPARATION PROCESS IN CHILD-PARENT RELATIONS

(2024) Science and education, 4, 51-55. Odessa.

DOI:https://doi.org/10.24195/2414-4665-2024-4-7

Irуna Kuchmanych,
Candidate of Psychological Sciences, Associate Professor,
Associate Professor at the Department of Psychology,
Petro Mohyla Black See National University,
10, 68 Desantnykiv Str., Mykolaiv, Ukraine,
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6954-6082

COMPONENTS AND STAGES OF THE SEPARATION PROCESS IN CHILD-PARENT RELATIONS

SUMMARY:

The process of separation is highly important in the development of the personality. In general terms, it is the separation of a child from a significant adult (usually a mother or another person who is a custodian), as a result of which an individual gains awareness of his own Self, independence, and autonomy. Within the system approach, separation is understood as a process of differentiation within the family system, as a result of which an individual develops the ability to distinguish his own emotional and intellectual processes. This forms the foundation for personal identity development as well as effective socialization and adaptation in the future. The purpose of the study is to characterize the key components and stages of the separation process within the child-parent subsystem and to describe parenting patterns that hinder effective process of separation of the child. The study employs a comprehensive set of theoretical research methods, including analysis, synthesis, and summarization of research data on the outlined issues. Since separation is a fairly complex process, certain components are highlighted that describe different aspects of the phenomenon. These include the cognitive-behavioral component (the child’s ability to form personal judgments and clearly understand their own traits), the emotional component (the ability to endure and process difficult emotions such as guilt, anxiety, anger, etc.), and the communicative component (the ability of all participants in the separation process to recognize each other as distinct individuals). It has been proven that separation is a prolonged and gradual process. The study outlines specific stages of personality development and identifies parenting behaviors that may hinder effective process of separation of the child from the parental subsystem. It describes the following key stages: the first year of life, as the beginning of the separation process; the age of three; the adolescent period of ontogenesis; and adulthood (from 17–18 years). It was found that individuals who have not undergone the separation process have certain characteristics, the most significant of which is psychological dependency on another person. Consequently, those who have not achieved separation have difficulties in building relationships with a partner later in life.

KEYWORDS:

separation, child-parent subsystem, dependence, child development, identity

FULL TEXT:

REFERENCES:

1. Kulchytska, A., & Polikarchyk, S. (2023). Psykholohichnyi analiz problemy psykhoemotsiinykh staniv osobystosti v umovakh separatsii [Psychological analysis of the problem of psycho-emotional states of the personality in conditions of separation]. Psykholohichni perspektyvy, 41, 133–145 [in Ukrainian].
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Larysa Butuzova, Anna Braikovska, Kseniia Timofieieva THE JOYNES PERSONAL ADAPTATION QUESTIONNAIRE JPAQ: ADAPTATION OF THE UKRAINIAN VERSION

(2024) Science and education, 4, 31-50. Odessa.

DOI:https://doi.org/10.24195/2414-4665-2024-4-6

Larysa Butuzova,
Candidate of Psychological Sciences,
Associate Professor at the Department of Psychology,
Speech Therapy and Inclusive Education,
Zhytomyr Ivan Franko State University,
40, Velyka Berdychivska, Str., Zhytomyr, Ukraine,
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2112-5211

Anna Braikovska,
Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor,
Clinical psychologist, Psychological studio VQ Partner,
Kyiv, Ukraine,
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6049-8258

Kseniia Timofieieva,
Master of Social Work, Psychologist,
Psychological studio VQ Partner, Kyiv, Ukraine,
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2157-7750

THE JOYNES PERSONAL ADAPTATION QUESTIONNAIRE JPAQ: ADAPTATION OF THE UKRAINIAN VERSION

SUMMARY:

The article describes the results of the adaptation of the JPAQ psychodiagnostic methodology into Ukrainian. The Ukrainian version of the JPAQ (V. Joince, I. Stewart, 1986) has a practical sense of application both in psychodiagnostics and longitudinal studies of psychological well-being. Methods and sample. The JPAQ questionnaire was translated from English into Ukrainian by three bilinguals: 1) a professional translator, a psychologist (transactional analysis practitioner), 2) a professional (certified) translator, and 3) a bilingual psychotherapist, a supervisor in transactional analysis (CTA, PTCTA) (UK). The sample consisted of 344 respondents of the main study aged 16 to 66 years (M=27.97, SD=11.62), mostly students and young working adults. The construct validity of the questionnaire was tested separately on a sample of 157 students aged 16 to 33 (M=17.49, SD=1.99). The survey was conducted through the Google Forms online service. The retest took place 14-20 days after the test using a specially designed survey program that provided respondents with survey results in the form of a chart. To test the construct validity, 157 students were asked to additionally take the five-factor personality questionnaire by R. McCrae and P. Costa (the Big Five). The data were analyzed using the «IBM SPSS Statistics 21» statistical data processing package; methods used: descriptive statistics, analysis of internal and retest reliability: construct, content, and discriminant validity; discriminability of scales (Ferguson's criterion); correlation analysis (Spearman's coefficient); exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Reliability and discriminant validity were investigated on the basis of the Cronbach's model with the calculation of the alpha coefficient of consistency. Results. The internal consistency (reliability) of the Ukrainian version of the test was analyzed using Cronbach's α coefficient for each scale. For all scales, the value of the α-Cronbach's coefficient exceeds 0.80, which is an acceptable level for psychological research (>0.7). The results of the study demonstrated high consistency among all scales of the questionnaire, which indicates the successful adaptation of the test into Ukrainian. The Ukrainian version of the JPAQ (OOAD) showed high retest reliability and stability of results over time (Spearman's coefficient values between the results of the first and second tests (with an interval of two weeks) ranged from 0.81 to 0.88). The questionnaire also demonstrated discriminant validity (all scales had a value of δ>0.85 according to Ferguson's delta criterion). The Five-Factor Personality Inventory was used to determine the construct validity of the OOAD questionnaire. The correlation analysis using Spearman's coefficient (p<0.01) revealed actual connections between adaptation strategies and personality traits, which confirmed the construct validity of the Ukrainian version of the questionnaire. Factor analysis confirmed that the Ukrainian version of the OOAD questionnaire corresponds to the theoretical model of W. Joynes' JPAQ. In view of the above, the Ukrainian version of the JPAQ (OOAD) can be effectively used to assess personal adaptations in the Ukrainian context without significant risks of error.

KEYWORDS:

questionnaire adaptation, personality adaptation, survival adaptation, executive (approving) adaptation, «Brilliant-Skeptic», «Responsible-Workaholic», «Playful-Oppositionist», «Creative-Dreamer», «Charming-Manipulator», «Overreacting-Enthusiast», JPAQ, OOAD, transactional analysis, psychodiagnostic technique, psychometric reliability, validity, discriminant validity

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REFERENCES:

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