(2020) Science and education, 4, 66-76. Odessa.

Оlena Kovalova,
PhD (Candidate of Psychological Sciences),
Municipal establishment “Balta pedagogical professional college”,
2, Shevchenko Street, Balta, Ukraine

STIMULATION OF COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS OF PSYCHE BY MEANS OF ONLINE GAMES

The article presents the results of testing of the developed online-training of cognitive functions of the brain, which was implemented on a separately created game platform using a set of specially developed games. The proposed results reveal the theoretical justification of the cognitive functions, which are selected for training: memory, thinking, attention, imagination, perception. The characteristics of each cognitive function to be stimulated in the conditions of online games are highlighted. We described the algorithm for games evaluating according to certain cognitive functions and their characteristics. An analysis of the effectiveness of evaluation is given. The results of completing by players of game sessions balanced on the chosen cognitive functions are described. A comparison of the effectiveness of stimulation of different cognitive functions depending on the motivation and choice of players is presented. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of online games in activation and stimulation of the cognitive functions of the human psyche. The research methods were based on our own developed algorithm for training success estimation, analysis of the results of online games, methods of mathematical statistics. The results of the study are presented on the basis of approbation of the developed training, conducted during two years. The analysis of the implementation of the training revealed the dependence of the effectiveness of stimulation of cognitive functions on the motivation and choice of the player. It is shown that when training on a balanced set of games, where all cognitive functions are present in equal shares, the effectiveness of training is not uniform and not balanced. It is investigated that the effectiveness of training depends on the quality of the game's effect on cognitive function. In order to take into account this quality of influence, all games were divided into two classes: actively shaping and passively stimulating. The distribution of games by classes was experimentally confirmed. A generalized analysis of the game sessions of all players for six months revealed cognitive functions which for the most players were better developed and more stimulated.

cognitions, brain, brain games, brain stimulation, imagination, intelligent, perceptions, memory, attention.

1. Averbuh, N. V., Shherbinin, A. A. (2011). Fenomen prisutstviya i ego vliyanie na effektivnost resheniya intellektualnykh zadach v sredakh virtualnoi realnosti [The phenomenon of presence and its influence on the efficiency of solving intellectual problems in virtual reality environments]. Psikhologiya. Zhurnal Vyshei shkoly ekonomiki – Psychology. Journal of the Higher School of Economics, 8(4), 102–119 [in Russian].
2. Avetisova, A. A. (2011). Psikhologicheskie osobennosti igrokov v kompyuternye igry [Psychological characteristics of players in computer games]. Psikhologiya. Zhurnal Vyshei shkoly ekonomiki – Psychology. Journal of the Higher School of Economics, 8 (4), 35–58 [in Russian].
3. Bek, Dzh., Ujejd, M. (2006). Doigralis! Kak pokolenie geimerov navsegda meniaet biznes-sredu [Got it! How a generation of gamers is changing the business environment forever]. Moscow: Pretekst [in Russian].
4. Velichkovskiy, B. B. (2014). Psikhologicheskie faktory vozniknoveniya chuvstva prisutstviya v virtualnykh sredakh [Psychological factors in the emergence of a sense of presence in virtual environments]. Natsionalny psikhologicheskiy zhurnal – National Psychological Journal, 3(15), 31–38. Retrieved from http://npsyj.ru/articles/detail.php?article=5045 [in Russian].
5. Voyskunskiy, A. E. (2010). Psikhologiya i Internet [Psychology and the Internet]. Moscow: Akropol [in Russian].
6. Ilienkov, J. V. (1968). O voobrazhenii [About imagination]. Narodnoe obrazovanie – Public Education, 3 [in Russian].
7. Karr, N. (2012). Pustyshka: chto Internet delaet s nashim mozgom [Dummy: what the Internet does to our brains]. Moscow: Eksmo [in Russian].
8. Karter, R. (2014). Kak rabotaet mozg [How the brain works]. Moscow: AST: Corpus [in Russian].
9. Kerdellan, K., Grezijon, G. (2006). Deti processora: Kak Internet i videoigry formirujut zavtrashnih vzroslykh [Children of the Processor: How the Internet and Video Games are Shaping Tomorrow's Adults]. Ekaterinburg: U-Faktorija [in Russian].
10. Kornilova, T. V. (2003). Psikhologiya riska i prinyatiya resheniy. [Psychology of risk and decision making]. Moscow: Aspekt Press [in Russian].
11. Lindsey, P., Norman, D. (2008). Sistemy pamyati [Memory systems]. Psikhologiya pamyati – The psychology of memory. J. B. Gippenrejter, V. J. Romanova (Eds.). 3d ed. Moscow: AST: Astrel [in Russian].
12. Nikolaenko, N. N. (2007). Psikhologiya tvorchestva [Psychology of creativity]. SPb.: Rech [in Russian].
13. Petrovskiy, A. V., Berkinblit, M. B. (1968). Fantazija i realnost [Fantasy and reality]. Moscow: Politizdat [in Russian].
14. Psikhologiya cheloveka ot rozhdeniya do smerti [Human psychology from birth to death]. (2002). SPb.: Prajm-EVROZNAK [in Russian].
15. Smoll, G., Vorgan, G. (2011). Mozg onlain: Chelovek v epohu Interneta [Brain Online: Man in the Internet Age]. Moscow: KoLibri [in Russian].
16. Tendryakova, M. V. (2008). Starye i novye liki igry: igrovaya spetsifika virtualnogo prostranstva [Old and new faces of the game: game specificity of the virtual space]. Kulturno-istoricheskaja psikhologiya – Culturalhistorical psychology, 2, 60–68 [in Russian].
17. Forman, N., Vilson, P. (1998). Ispolzovanie virtualnoy realnosti v psikhologicheskikh issledovaniyakh. Mentalnaya reprezentatsiya: dinamika i struktura. [Using virtual reality in psychological research. Mental Representation: Dynamics and Structure]. (pp. 251–276). Moscow: Publishing house “Institute of psychology Russian academy of sciences” [in Russian].
18. Chebykin, O. Ya., Krymova, N. O. (2015). Vplyv kompiuternoi dіialnostі na emotsіinu stabіlnіst osobystostі [Influence of computer activity on emotional stability of personality]. Nauka і osvіta – Science and education, 3, 126–134 [in Ukrainian].
19. Cheremoshkina, L. V. (2010). Vliyanie internet-aktivnosti na mnemicheskie sposobnosti subjekta [The influence of Internet activity on the mnemonic abilities of the subject]. Psikhologiya. Zhurnal Vyshei shkoly ekonomiki – Psychology. Journal of the Higher School of Economics, 7(3), 57–71 [in Russian].
20. Cheremoshkina, L. V., Nikishina, N. A. (2008). Effektivnost i neiropsikhologicheskie aspekty mnemicheskikh sposobnostey aktivnykh kiberigrokov. [Efficiency and neuropsychological aspects of mnemonic abilities of active cyberplayers]. Vestnik RGNF – Bulletin of the Russian Humanitarian Science Foundation, 3, 176– 184 [in Russian].
21. Shadrikov, V. D. (2007). Mentalnoe razvitie cheloveka [Human mental development]. Moscow: Aspekt Press [in Russian].
22. Shapkin, S. A. (1999). Kompyuternaya igra: novaya oblast psikhologicheskikh issledovaniy [The computer game: a new area of psychological research]. Psihol. Zhurnal – Psychol. Journal, 20(1), 86–102 [in Russian].
23. Appelbaum, L. G., Cain, M. S., Darling, E. F., Mitrof, S. R. (2013). Action video game playing is associated with improved visual sensitivity, but not alterations in visual sensory memory. Attention Perception & Psychophysics. Retrieved from http://people.duke.edu/~mitroff/papers/13_AppelbaumCai nDarlingMitroff_APP.pdf [in English].
24. Barlett, C. P., Vowels, C. L., Shanteau, J. et al. (2009). The effect of violent and non-violent computer games on cognitive performance. Computers in Human Behavior, 25(1), 96–102 [in English].
25. Bavelier, D., Green, C.Sh., Dye, M.W.G. (2010). Children, wired: For better and for worse. Neuron [in English].
26. Beullens, K., Roe, K., Van, den Bulck J. (2008). Video games and adolescents’ intentions to take risks in traffic. Journal of Adolescent Health. Vol. 43. N 1. P. 87– 90 [in English].
27. Blascovich, J., Bailenson, J. (2011). Infinite Reality: Avatars, Eternal Life, New Worlds, and the Dawn of the Virtual Revolution. N.Y.: William Morrow [in English].
28. Boot, W.R., Kramer, A.F., Simons, D.J. et al. (2008). The effects of video game playing on attention, memory and executive control. Acta Psychologica. Vol. 129. P. 387–398 [in English].
29. Bowen, H. J., Spaniol, J. (2011). Chronic exposure to violent video games is not associated with alterations of emotional memory. Applied Cognitive Psychology. N 25. P. 906–916.
30. Clark, K., Fleck, M. S., Mitroff, S. R. (2011). Enhanced change detection performance reveals improved strategy use in avid action video game players. Acta Psychologica. Vol. 136. P. 67—72.
31. Colzato, L. S., Van, den Wildenberg W.P.M., Zmigrod, Sh., Hommel, B. (2013). Action video gaming and cognitive control: Playing first person shooter games is associated with improvement in working memory but not action inhibition. Psychological Research. Vol. 77. N 2. P. 234–239 [in English].
32. Donohue, S. E., Woldorff, M. G., Mitroff, S. R. (2010). Video game players show more precise multisensory temporal processing abilities. Attention, Perception and Psychophysics. Vol. 72. N 4. P. 1120–1129 [in English].
33. Dye, M.W.G., Bavelier, D. (2010). Differential development of visual attention skills in school-age children. Vision Research. Vol. 50. P. 452–459 [in English].
34. Dye, M.W.G., Green, C.Sh., Bavelier, D. (2009). Increasing speed of processing with action video games. Current Directions in Psychological Science. N 18. P. 321–326 [in English].
35. Egan, K. (1992). Imagination in Teaching and Learning. Chicago: University of Chicago Press [in English].
36. Green, S., Bavelier, D. (2003). Action computer game modifies visual selective attention. Nature. 2003. Vol. 423. P. 523–537 [in English].
37. Green, S., Bavelier, D. (2007). Action-video-game experience alters the spatial resolution of vision. Psychological Science. Vol. 18. N 1. P. 88–94 [in English].
38. Greenfield, P. M. (2009). Technology and informal education: what is taught, what is learned. Science [in English].
39. Hassabis, D, Kumaran, D, Vann, S. D, Maguire, E. A. (2007). Patients with hippocampal amnesia cannot imagine new experiences. PNAS 104 [in English].
40. Hecht, D, Reiner, M. (2007). Field dependency and the sense of object-presence in haptic virtual environments. Cyberpsychology & Behavior. Vol. 10. N 2. P. 243–251 [in English].
41. Jackson, L. A., Witt, E. A., Games, A. I. et al. (2012). Information technology use and creativity: Findings from the Children and Technology Project. Computers in Human Behavior. 2012. Vol. 28. N 2. P. 370–376 [in English].
42. Lombard, M., Ditton, T. (1997). At the Heart of It All: The Concept of Presence. Journal of ComputerMediated Communication. Vol. 3. № 2. Retrieved from http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol3/issue2/lombard.html [in English].
43. Milovanović, M., Minović, M., Kovačević, I. et al. (2009). Effectiveness of game-based learning: Influence of cognitive style. Best Practices for the Knowledge Society: Knowledge, Learning, Development and Technology for All [in English].
44. Miller, G. A. (1956). The magical number seven, plus or minus two: Some limits on our capacity for processing information. Psychological Review. P. 81–97 [in English].
45. Nouchi, R., Taki, Y., Takeuchi, H. et al. (2013). Brain training game boosts executive functions, working memory and processing speed in the young adults: A randomized controlled trial. Plos one [in English].
46. Okagaki, L., Frensch, P. A. (1994). Effects of video game playing on measures of spatial performance: Gender effects in late adolescence. Journal of Applied Psychology. Vol. 15. P. 33–58 [in English].
47. Rebetez, C., Betrancourt, M. (2007). Video game research in cognitive and educational sciences. Cognition, Brain, Behavior. Vol. 11. N 1. P. 131–142 [in English].
48. Rehbein, F., Kleimann, M., Mößle, T. (2009). Impact of violent video games on memory consolidation and concentrativeness. Paper presented at the APA Convention. San Francisco [in English].
49. Riva, G. (2006). Virtual reality. Wiley encyclopedia of biomedical engineering. Ed. by M. Akay. N.Y.: John Wiley & Sons [in English].
50. Subrahmanyam, K., Greenfield, P. M. (1994). Effect of video game practice on spatial skills in girls and boys. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology. 1994. Vol. 15. P. 13–32 [in English].
51. Witmer, B. G., Singer, M. J. (1998). Measuring Presence in Virtual Environments: A Presence Questionnaire. Presence [in English].