(2025) Science and education, 2, 13-18. Odessa.

Olga Artemova,
Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences,
Associate Professor at the Department of General Psychology, Psychodiagnostics and Psychotherapy
Rivne State University of the Humanities,
12, Stepana Bandera Str., Rivne, Ukraine
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0187-3298

THE ROLE OF TEMPERAMENT IN BUILDING INTERPERSONAL 
RELATIONSHIPS

The article reveals the role of temperament in building interpersonal relationships, which is an important component of a person’s social functioning. The classic typology of temperaments – sanguine, choleric, phlegmatic and melancholic – is analyzed from the point of view of their influence on the behavior of an individual in the process of social interaction. It examines how representatives of each type of temperament react to stressful situations, build communication, overcome conflicts and adapt to new conditions. In particular, it is emphasized that sanguine people easily establish social contacts, are sociable and emotionally stable, while choleric people, although they show initiative, can be impulsive and conflictual. Phlegmatic people, thanks to their balance, demonstrate stability in relationships, but they may lack flexibility. Melancholiacs, on the other hand, are prone to isolation, deep feelings, but often show empathy and sensitivity to others.The article has emphasized that an individual’s awareness of his own temperamental traits, as well as the study and acceptance of the characteristics of other people, contributes to better mutual understanding, the formation of empathy, tolerance and trusting relationships. An important place is given to the issue of taking temperament into account in various spheres of life – in interpersonal communication, professional activity, educational environment. It is concluded that the harmonization of interpersonal relationships largely depends on a person’s psychological awareness of temperament types, the ability to self-reflect and emotional self-control. Thus, the development of emotional culture and communicative competence are important conditions for effective social interaction. In addition, the article draws attention to the importance of temperament in the formation of team interaction and group dynamics. In the process of collective activity, especially in a professional or educational environment, the combination of different types of temperament can both improve the effectiveness of the group and cause difficulties in communication. For example, choleric are able to act as leaders, mobilize the team to achieve goals, but their sharpness sometimes causes tension. Sanguinis support a positive emotional climate, phlegmatic – stability and consistency in actions, and melancholiacs bring depth of analysis and sensitivity to the needs of others to the team. It is thanks to the awareness of the psychological compatibility of temperament types that it is possible to achieve more effective team cooperation, avoid conflicts and form a favorable atmosphere of mutual respect and support. This is especially relevant in modern conditions, when the requirements for social skills, emotional intelligence and the ability to constructive interaction are increasing in all areas of life.

temperament, interpersonal relationships, types of temperament, communication, social interaction, conflict, adaptation

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