(2016) Science and education, 9, 161-168. Odessa.

 Oksana Smuk,

PhD (Candidate of Psychological Sciences), associate professor, 

Department of Sociology and Social Work, 

Uzhhorod National University,

14, Universytetska Str., Uzhhorod, Ukraine

---

COMPREHENSIVE SUPPORT AND CORRECTION OF CHILDREN-ORPHANS’ DEVELOPMENT

The article considers the issue of comprehensive support and correction of the development of children-orphans. A significant part of orphans, who had been living at boarding schools, and are nowadays brought up in family-type children’s homes or foster families, require special attention, because most of them have serious problems in mental, physical development and social adaptation. Across Ukraine there are 88,000 “social orphans”, young disabled children abandoned by their parents and handed over to the state. Orphans of boarding schools, who came to family-type children’s homes and foster families need effective psychological, medical and educational support. This help can be provided in the process of effective functioning of social-psychological services. The following types of psychological support are used for children-orphans and children deprived of parental care: individual consulting, group work, psycho-correction and psychotherapy. The delay in the mental development (mental retardation) is often observed among the pupils of boarding schools. Delays in their mental development occur as a result of the central nervous system weakening caused by infections, chronic medical conditions, disorders in the endocrine system, intoxication, brain injuries etc. Psychological support for children with developmental disorders is considered as a complex system of psychological and rehabilitative actions aimed at increasing social activity, development of autonomy, strengthening of social position of the child’s personality, formation of the system of values and attitudes, development of intelligent processes that correspond to mental and physical abilities of the child. In the process of psychological support, a psychologist’s work is focused on the correction of the child’s mental development after trauma, the restoring of personal integrity, a sense of balance. Only after the elimination of the negative consequences of psychological, physical, emotional, sexual traumas one can begin working on productive mental development of the child. The programme of psychological support of personal qualities formation of children-orphans and children deprived of parental care has been developed and approbated, which makes it possible to improve the communicative abilities of children, increase confidence, reduce anxiety, form the responsible attitude towards their intellectual development, and develop the ability to feel happy.

comprehensive support, family-type children’s homes, foster families, correction of development, delay in mental development.

 

 1. Kozubovska, I. V., Saharda, V. V. & Dorohina, O. V.(2002). Sotsialno-pravovi osnovy diialnosti psykholohichnoi sluzhby v systemi osvity: Navchalno-metodychnyi posibnyk [Social and legal foundations of psychological service in education: textbook]. Kozubovska,I.V., Saharda,V.V. (Ed.).Uzhhorod: UzhDU [in Ukrainian].

2. Bevz,H.M. (2007). Psykholohichni osoblyvosti ditei, pozbavlenykh batkivskoho pikluvannia [Psychological characteristics of children deprived of parental care]. Sots. pratsivnyk –Social worker, 8, 13-18[in Ukrainian].

3.Karnaukh,Y. S. (2007).Psikholohicheskie osobennosti podrostkov vospitannykov detskoho doma [Psychological features of orphan adolescents]. Candidate’s thesis. Moscow: RHB [in Russian].

4. Rychkova,N.A. (2000). Dezadaptirovannoe povedenye detei: diahnostika, korektsyia, psikhoprofilaktika [The deadapted behavior of children: diagnostics, correction, psychoprevention]. Moscow [in Russian].

5. Brutman,V.I. (1999). Rannee sotsyalnoe sirotstvo kak kompleksnaia mediko-sotsyalno-pedahohi cheskaia problema [Early social orphanhood as a complex medico-and social and pedagogical problem].Moscow: Yzd-vo ASOPYR[in Russian]

6. Shipitsyna,L.M.(Ed). (2003). Detisotsialnoho riska i ikh vospitanie [Children of social risk and their education].Saint Petersburg: Yzd-vo Rech, 2003. –[in Russian].

7. Bykov, A.V. & Shulha,T.I. (2001). Psikholohicheskaia sluzhba v uchrezhdeniyakh sotsialno-pedahohicheskoi pomoshchi i podderzhki detei i podrostkov [Psychological service in institutions of the social and pedagogical help and support of children and adolescents]. Moscow: Akademiia [in Russian].

8.Mamaichuk,I.I. (2001). Psykholohycheskaya pomoshch detyam s problemamy v razvitii [Psychological assistance to children with problems in development]. Saint Petersburg: Rech [in Russian].

9.Olifirenko,L.Ya. (2002). Sotsialno-pedagogicheskaya podderzhka detei gruppy riska [Social and pedagogical support of children of risk group]. Moscow: Akademyia [in Russian].

10. Shipitsyna,L.M. & Kazakova,E.Y. (Ed.).(2000). Kompleksnoe soprovodzhenie i korrektsyia razvitiya detey-sirot: sotsialno-emotsionalnye problemy [Complex support and correction of development of orphan children: social and emotional problems]. Saint Petersburg: Inststut spetsialnoy pedagogiki i psikhologii [in Russian].

11. Berezhnaia,O.V. (2005). Psikholoho-pedahohscheskoe soprovozhdenie detey sirot kak sredstvo ikh sotsializatsii [Psychology and edagogical Support of orphan children as a means of their socialization]. Candidate’s thesis. Stavropol [in Russian].

12.Vasylkova,M. M. (2000). Problema vykhovannia u dytiachykh budynkakh simeinoho typu [The problem of education in family-type orphanages]. Problemy osvity: nauk.-metod. zb. –Problems of education: collection of scientific works, 22,115-118Kiev [in Ukrainian].

13.Bevz,H. M. (2010). Pryiomna simia: sotsialno-psykholohichni vymiry [Foster family, social and psychological dimensions]. Kiev: Vydav. Dim «Slovo», [in Ukrainian].