(2018) Science and education, 1, 5-13. Odessa.

Lyudmyla Romanyuk,
Doctor of Psychology, associate professor,
head of the Department of Psychology, Lviv State University of Internal Affairs,
26, Horodotska Str., Lviv, Ukraine,
Research-professor at Faculty of Psychology of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv,
60, Volodymyrska Str., Kyiv, Ukraine,
Ralf Schwarzer,
Professor at Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin,
16-18, Kaiserswerther Str., Berlin, Germany,
Invited Professor at SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Wroclaw, Poland

ANALYSIS OF INDIRECT AND DIFFERENTIAL CONNECTIONS AMONG PERSONAL VALUES

The present study describes ten personal values prioritized by men and women from two countries, and it explores the relationships between two opposing values, Achievement and Benevolence, specifying Stimulation as a mediator between them. It is examined whether such a mediation model could be further qualified by age and gender as moderators. The 40-item Portraits Values Questionnaire (PVQ), measuring ten basic values, was administered to 1,000 young adults from two countries. Gender and country differences between the ten values were computed, and hierarchical regression methods were applied to explore mediation and moderation mechanisms among the three selected values and gender and age. Minor gender and country differences emerged for some of the ten basic values. An indirect relationship among the three selected values was identified. Stimulation was found to operate as a mediator between achievement and benevolence. A conditional process model was established with gender moderating the Achievement – Stimulation path (men had a steeper slope than women), whereas age moderated the Stimulation – Benevolence path (younger individuals had a steeper slope than older ones). Gender also moderated the Achievement – Benevolence path (men had a steeper slope than women). For men, the association between achievement and stimulation values was stronger than that for women. For the younger persons, the association between stimulation and benevolence values was stronger than for older ones. For women, the level of benevolence was independent of their achievement level. The present analyses shed new light on indirect and differential associations among personal values, adding a novel perspective to research on mechanisms involved in the basic values. 

Values, Achievement, Benevolence, Stimulation, gender, age, moderation, mediation.

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(2018) Science and education, 1, 14-21. Odessa.

Somayeh Gholamfarkhani,
MSc in Midwifery Counselling, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Golestan, Iran.,
Elham Khoori,
PhD in Reproductive Health, Counselling and Reproductive Health Research Centre,
Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran* ,
Firoozeh Derakhshanpour,
Assistant Professor of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,
Golestan Psychiatric Research Center, Gholestan University of Medical Sciences. Gorgan, Iran,
Mohammad Aryaie,
MSc in Epidemiology, Deputy of Research and Technology,
Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.,
Sandy K. Wurtele,
Professor of Psychology, Department of Psychology,
University of Colorado, Colorado, Springs, USA, *Corresponding Author Email: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF THE PERSONAL SAFETY QUESTIONNAIRE AND “WHAT IF” SITUATIONS TEST: PERSIAN VERSIONS

Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is a serious public health problem and is one of the most stressful life events that parents and their children can experience. To prevent CSA, personal safety programs are recommended to enhance children’s knowledge and related self-protection skills. In order to assess the knowledge and ability of children to prevent CSA, it is essential to have valid and reliable measures. Two instruments – the Personal Safety Questionnaire (PSQ) and “What If” Situations Test (WIST) – have been used to assess children’s knowledge about sexual abuse and measure children’s ability to recognize and respond in hypothetical abusive situations. The aims of this study were to translate and culturally adapt the PSQ and WIST for an Iranian target population, and determine the psychometric properties of the two measures. The translation and cultural adaptation process of PSQ and WIST followed recognized and established guidelines. Face and content validity were assessed by analyzing feedback solicited from 25 Kindergartner-aged girls and 11 professionals with expertise in different areas. Stability was assessed through test-retest reliability and internal consistency reliability was measured using Cronbach’s alpha. Minor cultural differences were identified and resolved during the translation and validation processes. Results from correlational analyses indicate a high degree of stability for both Persian version of PSQ and WIST and its subscales. Internal consistency reliability as measured by Cronbach’s alpha for the PSQ-P was 0.74, and ranged from 0.71 to 0.96 for the subscales of WIST-P, with total skill reliability of 0.91. The Persian versions of the PSQ and WIST appear valid and reliable. Hence, they can be useful tools for assessing the knowledge and ability of children to prevent CSA.

child sexual abuse, psychometrics, reliability, prevention.

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16. Wurtele, S.K., Hughes, J., Owens, J.S. (1998). An examination of the reliability of the “What if” Situations Test: A brief report. J Child Sex Abuse, 7, 41- 52.
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24. Zhang, W., Chen, J., Feng, Y., Li, J., Zhao, X., Luo, X. (2013). Young children's knowledge and skills related to sexual abuse prevention: a pilot study in Beijing, China. Child Abuse Negl, 37, 623-30.
25. Tavakol, M., Dennick R. (2011). Making sense of Cronbach's alpha. Int J Med Educ, 2, 53–55.

(2018) Science and education, 1, 22-33. Odessa.

Mesut Öztürk,
research assistant, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Faculty of Education,
Tokat-TÜRKİYE
Ercümend Ersanli,
associate professor, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Health Sciences,
Samsun-TÜRKİYE

DEVELOPMENT OF PHILANTHROPY SCALE

Philanthropy is willingness to help someone without expecting to get a benefit. The purpose of this research is to develop a reliable, valid scale that measures the level of philanthropy. A draft form created by researching the literature and composition of participants was applied to 356 people studying at Gaziosmanpasa University Faculty of Education (241 female students and 115 male students). As a result of Exploratory Factor Analysis and reliability studies, the scale reached 25 items with 3 factors. These items explain the variance at 42.286%. In order to increase evidence of validity first-order Confirmatory Factor Analysis was applied to the 3-factor model obtained. For this analysis, 310 people studying Gaziosmanpasa University Faculty of Education have been researched. As a result of the analysis, it has been found that the scale shows good compliance and the model is verified as a result of this research. Reliability analysis was performed on data set of 310 participants (203 female 107 male students). Cronbach Alfa internal consistency coefficient values were found at 0.759 in total score, 0.749 in sub-dimension of “disinterestedness and sincerity”, 0.702 in sub-dimension of “love and unconditional acceptance” and 0.700 in sub-dimension of “honesty”. Reliability level was found at a high level. As a result of confirmatory factor analysis, the fit indexes of the scale were found to be perfect (p=.000 and X2 /sd= 1.725). RMSEA, GFI, AGFI, CFI, NNFI and IFI values were 0.048, 0.89, 0.87, 0.093, 0.93 and 0.93 respectively. These show a good level of compliance. Consequently, all these results show that the developed scale is valid and reliable.

attitude, altruism, unconditional acceptance, philanthropy, disinterestedness.

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(2018) Science and education, 1, 34-39. Odessa.

Peivasteh Safarpour*,
PhD Student in Nutritional Sciences, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health,
Iran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, Tehran, Iran,
Ahmad Reza Dorosty Motlagh,
PhD in Nutritional Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Community Nutrition,
School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, Tehran, Iran,
Homa Sadeghi,
PhD Candidate in Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts, Lowell,
USA *corresponding author’s email: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FOOD INSECURITY AND DEPRESSION IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ MOTHERS

The study aims to find the relationship between household food insecurity and depression among mothers of elementary school students in Bandar-E-Anzali; North of Iran. In this cross-sectional analysis, there have been randomly recruited 400 mothers with mean ± SD age of 37.28±5.68 years by random selection of female students from 12 public elementary schools. The subjects answered questions from socioeconomic factors, Family Food Security (USDA), and Beck Depression questionnaires. The data have been analyzed by means of Chi Square and multiple logistic regression analysis methods. According to the results, 33% of mothers were vulnerable to depression, and 18.5 % had different levels of depression (12.8% moderate depression, 5.2% severe depression, and 0.5% higher severe depression). Furthermore, 51% were in food insecurity condition (26% food insecurity without hunger, 16.5% food insecurity with moderate hunger, and 8.5% food insecurity with severe hunger). There was a significant relationship between food insecurity and depression (p<0.0001), and 29.4% of mothers with food security had depression as compared to 7.1 % mothers who were depressed but had no manifestations of food insecurity. The highest rate of depression was in single mothers who had food insecurity, and the highest rate of food insecurity was observed in the families who did not reside in their own houses, unemployed mothers or fathers, with no University education. Logistic regression model including confounders, demonstrated that no house ownership (p=0.01), having a sick member at home (p=0.02), and being a single mother (p=0.03) were the most significant factors on mothers’ depression. Therefore, food insecurity can cause depression. 

food insecurity, depression, socioeconomic status, women, nutrition, diet.

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