2017-11-doc

Gregory Bedny. Activity Theory in The West as a Potential Approach For Applied Studies.

(2017) Science and education, 11, 18-26. Odessa.

DOI:

Gregory Bedny,
Doctor of Psychology, professor,
Essex County College,
303, University Ave, Newark, USA

ACTIVITY THEORY IN THE WEST AS A
POTENTIAL APPROACH FOR APPLIED STUDIES

SUMMARY:

Activity theory has been developed in the former Soviet Union for the period of more than 70 years. It also received recognition in the West, and particularly in the USA. In this work, we present critical analysis of the translation and interpretation of the basic concepts of activity theory in the psychological publications in the West from the systemic-structural activity theory perspectives. According to SSAT framework, activity is understood as a process and a structure that consists of hierarchically organized units that unfolds in time. We will consider basic concepts of activity theory and will outline some difficulties which Western scientists experience in their interpretation and application of the theory in science and practice.

KEYWORDS:

general, applied and systemic-structural activity theories; goal concept in psychology; cognitive and motor actions; self-regulation.

FULL TEXT:

REFERENCES:

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2. Bedny, G. Z., (1987). The psychological foundations of analyzing and design work process. Kiev, Ukraine: Higher Education Publishers.
3. Bedny, G.Z. Meister, D. (1997). The Russian Theory of Activity. Current Application to design and Learning. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers. Mahwah, New Jersey.
4. Bedny, G. Z., Karwawski, W. (2007). A Systemic-Structural Theory of Activity. Application to Human Performance and Work Design. Taylor and Francis.
5. Bedny, G.Z. (2015). Application of SystemicStructural Activity Theory to Design and Training. CRC press, Taylor and Francis Group.
6. Bedny, G. Z., Karwowski, W., and Bedny, I. S. (2015). Applying Systemic-Structural Activity Theory to Design of Human-Computer Interaction Systems. CRC Press Taylor and Francis Group.
7. Brushlinsky, A. V. (1979). Thinking and Forecasting. Moscow; Thinking Press.
8. Cole, M., Maltzman, I., (Eds.) (1969). A Handbook of Contemporary Soviet Psychology. New York: Basic Books, Inc., Publishers.
9. Engestrom, Y. (1999). Activity theory and individual and social transformation. In Y. Engestrom, R. Miettinen, and R.-L. Punamaki (Eds.), Perspectives on Activity Theory. Cambridge, UK.: Cambridge University Press, pp. 19-38.
10. Kotik, M. A. (1978). Textbook of engineering psychology. Tallin, Estonia: Valgus
11. Konopkin, O. A. (1980), Psychological mechanisms of regulation of activity. Moscow: Science Publishers.
12.Locke, E. A., Lathman, G. P. (1990). Work motivation: the high performance cycle. In Kleinbeck, V. et al. (Ed.). Work Motivation: (pp. 3-26), Hillsdale,
13. Kuuiti, K. (1997). Activity theory as potential framework for human-computer interaction research. In B. A. Nardi (Ed.). Context and Consciousness: Activity Theory and Human-Computer Interaction. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, pp. 17-44.
14. Nardi, A. (1997). Context and Consciousness: AT and Human-Computer Interaction. Cambrigge, MA: The MIT Pres, pp. 17-44.
15. Ponomarenko, V. A., Zavalova, N. D. (1981). Readiness to act in emergency situation. Aviation and Aeronautics, 6, 10-14
16. Ponomarenko, V. V., Bedny, G.Z. (2011). Characteristics of Pilots’ Activity in Emergency Situations Resulting from Technical Failure. In G. Z. Bedny, W. Karwowski (Eds.). Human-Computer Interaction and Operators’ Performance. Optimizing Work Design with Activity Theory. pp. 223-254
17. Pervin, L. A. (1989). Goal concepts, themes, issues, and questions. In Pervin (Ed.) Goal Concepts in Personality and Social Psychology. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp. 173-180.
18. Strelkov, Ju. K. (2007). Operationallymeaningful structures of professional experience. In V. A. Bodrov (Ed.). Psychological basis of professional activity. Logos Publisher. pp. 261-269.
19. Strelkov, Ju. K. (2007). Action as unit of psychological analysis of operator’s work. In V. A. Bodrov (Ed.). Psychological basis of professional activity. Logos Publisher. pp. 808-813.
20. Suchman, L. A. (1987). Plans and Situated Actions: The Problem of Human-Machine Interaction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
21.Tolman, E. C. (1932). Purposive Behavior in Animals and Man. New York: Century.
22. Vancouver, J. T. (2005). Self-regulation in organizational settings. A tale of two paradigms. In M. Boekaerts, P. R. Pintrich, and M. Zeidner (Eds.). Handbook of Self-Regulation. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, pp. 303-341.
23. Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in Society. The Development of Higher Psychological Processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
24.Wertsch, V. (Ed.) (1981). The Concept of Activity in Soviet Psychology. New York: M. E. Sharpe, Inc., Armonk.
25.Zarakovsky G. M. (1966). Psychological Analysis of Work Activity; Logical-Probability Approach. Moscow: Science Publishers.
26.Zinchenko, V. P. (1972). On microstructural method of analysis of cognitive activity. Collection of works. All-Union Scientific Institute of Technical Esthetics.

Dr. Ercümend Ersanli, Canan Güven Şahin. Tolerance Level of University Students.

(2017) Science and education, 11, 27-34. Odessa.

DOI:

Dr. Ercümend Ersanli,
associate professor,
Ondokuz Mayıs University, Social Services Department,
Kurupelit Campus 55139, Atakum/Samsun, Turkey,
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Canan Güven Şahin,
Psychological Consultant,
Çamlıbel Anatolian High School, Kepez/Antalya, Turkey,
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TOLERANCE LEVEL OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

SUMMARY:

In this research, tolerance level of university students was investigated. The experiment involved 919 students of different faculties. The results of the study have shown that female students had lower tolerance levels than male students. Besides, the respondents studying at the scientific departments had higher tolerance levels as compared to those from language and fine arts departments. Additionally, when fine arts and social departments were compared, it became clear that the students of social departments had higher tolerance level. There was no significant difference between other groups. Some recommendations were suggested for increasing the level of tolerance in students.

KEYWORDS:

tolerance, university, student, gender, department.

FULL TEXT:

REFERENCES:

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7. Geçtan, Engin; İnsanOlmak (17. Baskı) İstanbul: Remzi, 1996.
8. Hersch, Jeanne; Tolerance: Between Liberty and Truth, Diogenes, No. 176, Vol. 44/4, VVinter 1996.
9. Hökelekli, Hayati, Modern EğitimdeYeniBirParadigmaDeğerlerEğitimi, EğitimeBakışDergisi, EğitimBirSen, Yıl 6 sayı 18 s. 4-10, 2010.
10. Karasar, N. ;BilimselAraştırmaYöntemi, Ankara: Nobel yayınDağıtım, 2006.
11. Kula, Onur Bilge; Anadolu’daÇoğulculukveTolerans, İstanbul, TürkiyeİşBankasıKültür, 2011.
12. Pamuk, Akif; KarakterEğitimProgramlarıveEleştirisi: İnsanTemelliEvrenselAhlâkYasasıMümkünmü? DEM Dergi, yıl,1 sayı 1, 42- 47, 2003.
13. Schafer, Chelsea E. ve Shaw Greg M. (2009). The Polls—Trends Tolerance In The Unıted States Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 73, No.2, Summer 2009, pp. 404- 431.
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15. Tepe, Harun; Etik (Ed. Kuçuradi, I. VeTaşdelen, D.) Eskişehir: AnadoluÜniversitesiYayını No: 2356 AçıköğretimFakültesiYayını No: 1353, 86-130, 2011.
16. Yiğit, Yaşar; PeygamberimizveHoşgörü, Ankara: DİB.2010.
17. Yörükan, Turhan; Semiyotik, FanatizmveTolerans, Ankara: Nobel yayın, 2007.

Denys Aleksandrov, Ivan Okhrimenko, Oleksii Drozd. Psychological Adaptation of Ukrainian National Police Officers For Law Enforcement Activities.

(2017) Science and education, 11, 35-45. Odessa.

DOI:

Denys Aleksandrov,
Doctor of Psychology, associate professor,
Department of Social Work,
Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv,
60, Volodymyrska, Kyiv, Ukraine,
Ivan Okhrimenko,
Doctor of Law, associate professor, professor,
Department of Legal Psychology,
National Academy of Internal Affairs,
1, Solomianska Str., Kyiv, Ukraine,
Oleksii Drozd,
Doctor of Law, associate professor,
acting head of the Department of Post-Graduate Studies,
National Academy of Internal Affairs,
1, Solomianska Str., Kyiv, Ukraine,

PSYCHOLOGICAL ADAPTATION OF UKRAINIAN NATIONAL POLICE OFFICERS FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT ACTIVITIES

SUMMARY:

The article presents an analysis of psychological characteristics of adaptability of police officers by means of assessing leading personal factors that affect professional adaptation for the conditions of law enforcement activities. Proceeding from the fact that adaptability acts as a system-forming component that involves all constituents of both the structure of the personality itself and the leading spheres of activity, the leading relationships of the individual-psychological characteristics that determine its effectiveness have been analyzed. This provides an opportunity to identify individual psychological mechanisms for the development of professional adaptation of police officers, since it represents a complex integrative quality, which is formed on the basis of specific features of law enforcement officers’ psychological profile. The study is based on the following research methods: Adaptability Test by A. Maklakov, The Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF) by Raymond B. Cattell, Eysenck's Personality Inventory (EPI), Questionnaire by A. Kokosharova, Aggression Test by A. Bass, “Prognosis” method for determining psychic stability, and Self-Attitude Scale by S. Pantyleiev. The survey involved 318 police officers having working experience of more than three years. On the basis of interpretation of the results of mathematical and statistical analysis of the leading correlations of adaptability and other indicators of techniques, individual-psychological qualities have been identified which directly determine the effectiveness of professional adaptation. Such an approach to the personality of the policeman provided an opportunity to study qualitative changes in its structure, forms and trends of the development, the causes of its transformation in the specifics of the activity itself, through the prism of psychological characteristics, which serve as a potential for its professional adaptability. Therefore, by examining the corresponding set of features in the structure of the police officer, one can predict the dynamics of his professional adaptation, which results in the emergence of a new quality – professional adaptability.

KEYWORDS:

adaptation, adaptability, personality, police officer, professional activity, law enforcement, individual psychological qualities.

FULL TEXT:

REFERENCES:

1. Gerber, G. L., & Ward, K. C. (2011). Police personality: Theoretical issues and research. In J. Kitaef (Ed.). Handbook of police psychology (pp. 421– 436). New York, NY: Routledge.
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3. Gupton, H. M., Axelrod, E., Cornell, L., Curran, S. F., Hood, C. J., Kelly, J., & Moss, J. (2011). Support and sustain: Psychological intervention for law enforcement personnel. The Police Chief, 78, 92-97. Психологія – Psychology Science and Education, 2017, Issue 11 44
4. Anshel, M. H., & Brinthaupt, T. M. (2014). An exploratory study on the effect of an approach-avoidance coping program on perceived stress and physical energy among police officers. Psychology, 5, 676-687.
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6. Gershon, R. R. M., Barocas, B., Canton, A. N., Li, X., & Vlahov, D. (2009). Mental, physical, and behavioral outcomes associated with perceived work stress in police officers. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 36, 275- 289. Retrieved from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854808330015
7. Violanti, J. M., Fekedulegn, D., Hartley, T. A., Andrew, M. E., Gu, J. K., & Burchfiel, C. M. (2013). Life expectancy in police officers: A comparison with the U.S. general population. International Journal of Emergency Mental Health and Human Resilience, 15, 217-228.
8. Hartmann, H. (1958). Ego psychology and the problem of adaptation. New York: International University Press.
9. Psykholohycheskyi slovar [Psychological dictionary] (1990). A.V. Petrovskoho, M.H. Yaroshevskyi (Ed.). 2 nd ed. rev. Мoscow: Polytyzdat [in Russian].
10. Platonov, K.K. (1986). Struktura i razvitie lichnosti [Structure and development of personality]. Мoscow: Nauka [in Russian].
11. Berezyn, B.F. (1988). Psikhicheskaya i psikhofizicheskaya adaptatsyia cheloveka [Mental and psychophysical adaptation of man]. Leningrad: Nauka [in Russian]. 12. Rean, A.A. Kudashev, A.R., Baranov, A.A. (2006). Psikhologiya adaptatsyy lychnosty. Analyz. Teoryia. Praktyka [Psychology of personality adaptation. Analysis. Theory. Practice]. St. Petersburg: PraimEVROZNAK [in Russian].
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14. Nalchadzhian, A. A. (1988). Sotsyalnopsykholohycheskaia adaptatsyia lychnosty [Sociopsychological adaptation of the personality]. Yerevan: Academy of Sciences of the Armenian SSR [in Russian].
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16. Carlan, P. E., & Nored, L. S. (2008). An examination of officer stress: Should police departments implement mandatory counseling? Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 23, 8-15. Retrieved from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11896-008-9015-x
17. Colwell, L. H., Lyons, P. M., Bruce, A. J., Garner, R. L., & Miller, R. S. (2011). Police Officers’ cognitive appraisals for traumatic events: Implications for treatment and training. Applied Psychology in Criminal Justice, 7, 106-132.
18. Zavala, E. (2013). Examining the offendervictim overlap among police officers: The role of social learning and job-related stress. Violence and Victims, 28, 731–748. Retrieved from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.VVD-12-00066.
19. Chae, M. H., & Boyle, D. J. (2013). Police suicide: Prevalence, risk, and protective factors. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 36, 91-118. Retrieved from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ 13639511311302498.
20. Slastenyn, V.A., Kashyryn, V.P. (2001). Psykholohyia y pedahohyka: uchebnoe posobye dlia studentov, obuchaiushchykhsia po nepedahohycheskym spetsyalnostiam [Psychology and pedagogy: a textbook for students studying in non-pedagogical specialties]. Мoscow: Yzdatelskyi tsentr Akademyia [in Russian]. 21. Dmytryeva, M.A. (1991). Psykholohycheskye faktory professyonalnoi adaptatsyy [Psychological factors of professional adaptation]. Psykholohycheskoe obespechenye professyonalnoi deiatelnosty – Psychological provision of professional activity. St. Petersburg: Publishing house of St. Petersburg University, 43-60 [in Russian].
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24. Aleksandrov, D.O. (2013). Psykholohichna kharakterystyka osnovnykh rivniv adaptatsii pratsivnyka orhaniv vnutrishnikh sprav do umov profesiinoi diialnosti [Psychological characteristic of the basic levels of adaptation of the officer of the internal affairs bodies to the conditions of professional activity]. Aktualni problemy sotsiolohii, psykholohii, pedahohiky. Zbirnyk naukovykh prats Kyivskoho natsionalnoho universytetu imeni Tarasa Shevchenka – Relevant problems of sociology, psychology, pedagogy. Scientific bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 4 (21), 114-121 [in Ukrainian].
25. Patterson, G. T., Chung, I. W., & Swan, P. W. (2014). Stress management interventions for police officers and recruits: A meta-analysis. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 10, 487–513. Retrieved from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11292-014-9214-7.

Halyna Bevz. Marital Role Expectations Based on Triangle by Steve Karpman

(2017) Science and education, 11, 46-51. Odessa.

DOI:

Halyna Bevz,
Doctor of Psychology, associate professor,
head of Laboratory of Communicational Psychology,
Institute of Social and Political Psychology,
National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine;
15, Andriivska Str., Kyiv, Ukraine

MARITAL ROLE EXPECTATIONS BASED ON TRIANGLE BY STEVE KARPMAN

SUMMARY:

The article presents the results of research of role expectations in marital interaction between men and women according to the concept of the Drama Triangle by S. Karpman. The results of the study reveal the peculiarities of the use of the Drama Triangle role triad by married men and women, as well as the expectations from the partner to fulfill these roles and of their role contribution for the sense of mutual support in marital relations. Statistically significant gender differences in manifestations of the role triad of the Drama triangle have been found. They are reflected in the phenomenon of cultivation of the Rescuer role in family interaction, in significance of the act of registration of marriage for actualization of the role of the Rescuer, in the peculiarities of switching between the roles of Victim - Persecutor and in inclusion of a role triad in the construction of marital and parent-children relationships. It has been proved that actualization of the Rescuer role in family interaction grows in men together with the indicator of age, and in women together with the duration of marital life and the increase in the number of children over two. It has been proved that the role of the Victim in marital life is activated in the situation of reducing the material status, and Persecutor – in a situation of conflict and antagonism.

KEYWORDS:

marital interaction, gender differences, relationships, roles, role position, the « Drama triangle».

FULL TEXT:

REFERENCES:

1. Andreeva, T. V. (2006). Psikhologiia sovremennoi semii [Psychology of modern family]. Saint Petersburg: Rech [in Russian].
2. Gornostai, P. P. (2007). Lichnost i rol: Rolevoi podkhod v sotsialnoi psikhologii lichnosti [Personality and role: role approach in social psychology of personality]. Kyiv: «Interpress LTD» [in Russian].
3. Nikonova, O. Yu. (2011). Rozrobka ta standartyzatsiia testu «Dramatychnyi trykutnyk». [Development and standardization of Dramatic triangle test]. Prakt. psykholohiia ta sotsialna robota – Practical psychology and social work, 7, 39-44 [in Ukrainian].
4. Nikonova, O. Yu. (2012). Sotsialnopsykholohichni oznaky spivzalezhnoi osobystosti: gendernyi aspekt [Psychosocial peculiarities of codependent personality: gender approach]. Extended abstract of candidate’s thesis. Kyiv [in Ukrainian].
5. Stiuart, Ya. (1996). Sovremennyi transaktnyi analiz [Modern transact analysis]. Saint Petersburg: Sotsialno-psikhologicheskii tsentr [in Ukrainian].
6. Acey, Choy (1990). The Winners Triangle. Transactional Analysis Journal, 20 (1), 40-46 [in English].
7. Furman, W. Network of Relationships Questionnaire Manual. Retrieved from: http://www.midss.org/sites/default/files/network_of_relati onships_questionnaire_manual.6.21.2010.doc [in English].
8. Johnson, R. Skip. Escaping Conflict and the Karpman Drama Triangle. Retrieved from: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/drama-triangle-findingway-out-yuliya-kutichshev [in English].
9. Karpman, M. D., Stephen. (1968). Fairy tales and script drama analysis. Transactional Analysis Bulletin, 26 (7), 39-43 [in English].

Irina Gromova, Natalia Olifirovich. Comparative Analysis of the Family Story Events of Alcohol and Drug Addicts

(2017) Science and education, 11, 52-59. Odessa.

DOI:

Irina Gromova,
PhD, Head of the Laboratory of Clinical Psychology,
Natalia Olifirovich,
PhD, associate professor,
Department of Clinical and Consultative Psychology,
Belarusian State Pedagogical University,
13, Skaryna Str., Minsk, Belarus,

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE FAMILY STORY EVENTS OF ALCOHOL AND DRUG ADDICTS

SUMMARY:

The expansion of various kinds of chemical abuse all over the world, the decline of the age of the first use causes extensive damage to economics and society, worsens demographic situation, reduces the working capacity of the population among different social and age groups. The relevance of this research is conditioned by the necessity of studying the correlation of genetic and environmental determinants in forming the addiction to the chemical substances. The research of the causes of the addicted behavior denote multiformity (polymorphism) of these factors. Definite behavior patterns and events in the addicted person’s family are essential issues to deal with. The paper aims to identify life events of the addicted persons and their immediate circles for the revealing of indicators which can predict the formation of addiction. The research is based on the interview for collection of the anamnesis and the “Genogram” method by M. Bowen. The survey resulted in the construction of regression models with high prediction power for the groups of alcohol and drug addicted respondents including the range of independent variables, such as the age of the first taking drugs, life danger in childhood, suicides and criminal records in generations. A theory that the immediate circle has a leading role in support of early consumption, the forming and preservation of psychoactive substances abuse has been confirmed. The analysis of family histories shows us that an existence of family member addicts, violence and other traumatic events exert a stable effect on the functioning of all subjects of the family system and can create addiction to alcohol or drugs in future. The results are important for organization of medical, psychological and social help to addicts, also for developing preventive measures for work with members of their families.

KEYWORDS:

addiction, addicted person, family environment, family story events, psychoactive substances.

FULL TEXT:

REFERENCES:

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