(2025) Science and education, 4, 78-84. Odessa.

Olena Stupnytska, 
Senior Lecturer at the Department of Psychology, Pedagogy and Professional Communication, 
Kharkiv National University of Urban Economy, 
17, Chornoglazivska Str., Kharkiv, Ukraine;
Postgraduate Student, 
National Technical University “Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute”, 
2, Kyrpichova Str., Kharkiv, Ukraine,
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9260-2507

Yeva Miezientseva,
A graduate of the II Master’s level
in the specialty 053 Psychology,
Separate structural subdivision of higher education institution
“Open international university of human development “Ukraine”
Rivne institute
1B, Kotlyarevskoho Srt., Rivne, Ukraine,
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0345-6684

THE PROBLEM OF POST-WAR ADAPTATION OF TERRITORIAL DEFENSE SOLDIERS TO LIFE IN A MODERN METROPOLIS

The article examines the psychological and social factors influencing the post-war adaptation of Territorial Defense Forces servicemen to civilian life in a modern metropolis. The features of deviant behavior among demobilized soldiers are analyzed, as well as its relationship with combat stress, post-traumatic disorders, transformations in the value–meaning sphere, and challenges of resocialization. The results of an empirical study using O. Blinov’s Combat Stress and Safety Questionnaire (OBSB) are presented, which made it possible to identify the key factors and dynamics of personality changes under the influence of combat experience, as well as the prevalence of adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies. The impact of educational components of the courses «Fundamentals of Military Psychology» and «Psychology of Modern Urban Addictions» is outlined in the context of developing competencies necessary for understanding and supporting post-war adaptation in modern society. The paper proposes psycho-preventive and psychoeducational approaches to resocialization aimed at restoring internal resources, emotional balance, and the sense of personal dignity of servicemen.

deviant behavior, servicemen, territorial defense, psychological trauma, resocialization, psychotherapy, post-war adaptation

1. Boiko, S. T., Tsarenko, L. H. (2017). Transformatsiia tradytsiinykh uiavlen pro zdorovia i blahopoluchchia v umovakh zbroinoho konfliktu v Ukraini [Transformation of traditional ideas about health and well-being in the context of armed conflict in Ukraine]. Personality, family and society: issue of pedagogy, psychology, politology and sociology: International scientific-practical conference. Shumen, Bulgaria. (June 16–17), 164–167. Retrieved from https://lib.iitta.gov.ua/id/eprint/709161/1/Бойко_Царенко_Тези.doc.pdf [in Ukrainian].
2. Hachak-Velychko, L. A., Huzenko, I. M. (2023). Psykholohichni osoblyvosti proiavu deviantnoi povedinky sered viis kovosluzhbovtsiv pidrozdilu v zoni boiovykh dii [Psycholo gical features of the manifestation of deviant behavior among servicemen in a combat zone]. Habitus, (52), 114–118. https://doi.org/10.32782/2663-5208. 2023.52.20 [in Ukrainian].
3. Dychko, M. V., Hachak-Velychko, L. A., Roliuk, O. V. (2022). Psykholohichni osoblyvosti deviantnoi povedinky viiskovosluzhbovtsiv [Psychological features of the deviant behavior of servicemen]. Habitus, (33), 80–85. https://doi.org/10.32843/2663-5208. 2022.33.14 [in Ukrainian].
4. Zhyhailo, N., Mateyuk, O. (2022). Psykholohichnyi suprovid viiskovosluzhbovtsiv u zoni vedennia boiovykh dii [Psychological support of servicemen in a combat zone]. Visnyk Lvivskoho universytetu. Seriia psykholohichni nauky, (13), 64–70. https://doi.org/10.30970/PS.2022.13.8 [in Ukrainian].
5. Zhuravliova, L., Krotiuk, K. (2020). Osoblyvosti tsinnisno-smyslovoi sfery viiskovosluzhbovtsiv z riznym dosvidom uchasti v boiovykh diiakh [Peculiarities of the value-semantic sphere of military personnel with different combat experience]. Naukovyi chasopys NPU imeni M.P. Drahomanova. Seriia 12. Psykholohichni nauky, 10(55), 26–36. Retrieved from https://eprints.zu.edu.ua/id/eprint/37969 [in Ukrainian].
6. Zakharina, T. (2023). Reintehratsiinyi potentsial veteraniv yak chynnyk uspishnoi yikh reintehratsii v sotsium [Reintegration potential of veterans as a factor of their successful reintegration into society]. Social Work and Education, 10(3), 263–275. https://doi.org/10.25128/2520-6230.23.3.1 [in Ukrainian].
7. Liashch, O. (2021). Destruktyvnyi vplyv boiovoho stresu na emotsiinu sferu osobystosti viiskovoho [Destructive impact of combat stress on the emotional sphere of the military personality]. Psykholohichni perspektyvy, (37), 128–140. Retrieved from http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/Ppst_2021_37_12 [in Ukrainian].
8. Mushkevych, V. (2019). Psykholohichni chynnyky perezhyvannia stresu viiskovosluzhbovtsiamy [Psychological factors of stress experience by military personnel]. Psykholohichni perspektyvy, 34, 119–136. https://doi.org/10.29038/2227-1376-2019-34-119-136 [in Ukrainian].
9. Oliinyk, L. (2022). Tekhnolohichnyi pidkhid do formuvannia refleksyvnoi kompetentnosti yak zasib profilaktyky deviantnoi povedinky maibutnoho ofitsera [Technological approach to the formation of reflective competence as a means of preventing deviant behavior of a future officer]. Visnyk Natsionalnoho universytetu oborony Ukrainy, 70(6), 118–124. https://doi.org/10.33099/2617-6858-2022-70-6-118-124 [in Ukrainian].
10. Orlovska, O. A. (2020). Posttravmatychnyi stresovyi rozlad uchasnyka boiovykh dii ta simeina adaptatsiia [Post-traumatic stress disorder of a combat participant and family adaptation]. Habitus, (15), 251–255. https://doi.org/10.32843/2663-5208.2020.15.43 [in Ukrainian].
11. Prib, H. A., Beheza, L. Ye., Raievska, Ya. M. (2022). Sotsi-alno-psykholohichna adaptatsiia viiskovosluzhbovtsiv/veteraniv: problematyka vyvchennia [Socio-psychological adaptation of servicemen/veterans: Issues of study]. Habitus, (35), 159–163. https://doi.org/10.32843/2663-5208.2022.35.23 [in Ukrainian].
12. Stupnytska, O. H. (2025). Spetsyfika motyvatsii viiskovosluzhbovtsiv syl terytorialnoi oborony [Specifics of motivation of servicemen of the territorial defense forces]. Habitus, (70), 264–267. https://doi.org/10.32782/2663-5208.2025.70.48 [in Ukrainian].
13. Topol, O. V. (2015). Sotsialno-psykholohichna reabilitatsiia uchasnykiv antyterorystychnoi operatsii [Social and psychological rehabilitation of participants in the anti-terrorist operation]. Visnyk Chernihivskoho natsionalnoho pedahohichnoho universytetu, 124, 230–233. Retrieved from http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/VchdpuP_2015_124_61 [in Ukrainian].

(2025) Science and education, 4, 70-7. Odessa.

Kristina Petryk,
Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor,
Head of the Department of Pedagogy,
Faculty of Psychological and Pedagogical Education and Arts,
Berdyansk State Pedagogical University,
55A, Universytetska Str., Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine,
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0615-5217 

Iryna Skliar,
Master’s Degree Applicant in Educational Sciences (Level II),
Faculty of Psychological and Pedagogical Education and Arts,
Berdyansk State Pedagogical University,
55A, Universytetska Str., Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine,
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1129-2205

ADAPTIVE BEHAVIORAL PATTERNS IN STATES OF CHRONIC ANXIETY: EMERGING MODELS OF INTERPERSONAL REGULATION

The article examines the characteristics of chronic anxiety as a determinant of interpersonal regulation among higher education students, highlighting how prolonged emotional tension transforms behavioral patterns, social interactions, and the quality of communicative engagement within the student environment. The purpose of the study is to outline conceptual approaches to understanding adaptive and maladaptive models of interpersonal regulation and to analyze the trajectories of transition between them under conditions of chronic anxiety. The paper explores the mechanisms through which anxiety influences cognitive appraisals, emotional responses, and behavioral strategies; reveals the structure of adaptive, transitional, and maladaptive patterns; and proposes a trajectory model demonstrating potential pathways from impaired regulation toward more flexible and resource-oriented forms. The findings indicate that chronic anxiety substantially affects students’ ability to maintain effective interpersonal interactions, leading to unstable communicative styles, diminished trust, and the predominance of avoidance-based behavioral strategies. The proposed model not only describes the dynamics of these processes but also identifies critical points for psychological intervention, making it valuable for teachers of higher education, psychologists, and researchers addressing issues of student emotional well-being. The practical value of the study lies in identifying factors that may facilitate a return to adaptive forms of regulation and in providing a foundation for developing preventive programs aimed at strengthening resilience and fostering balanced interpersonal interaction in higher education settings.

chronic anxiety, behavioral patterns, interpersonal regulation, social interaction, communicative strategies, adaptation, maladaptation

1. Arkhangelskaya, M. V. (2024). Kohnityvno-povedinkova terapiia yak systema psykhoterapevtychnykh vtruchan pershoho vyboru v likuvanni tryvozhnykh rozladiv [Cognitive-behavioural therapy as a system of first-choice psychotherapeutic interventions in the treatment of anxiety disorders]. Naukovyi visnyk Khersonskoho derzhavnoho universytetu. Seriia “Psykholohichni nauky” – Scientific Bulletin of Kherson State University. Series “Psychological Sciences”, (2), 49–54. https://doi.org/10.32999/ksu2312-3206/2024-2-7 [in Ukrainian].
2. Hoshovska, D., Hoshovskyi, Ya. (2022). Psykholohichni osoblyvosti tryvozhnosti y sanohennosti depryvovanoi osobystosti [Psychological peculiarities of anxiety and sa- nogenicity of the deprived person]. Psykholohichni perspektyvy – Psychological Prospects Journal, 39, 56–68. https://doi.org/10.29038/2227-1376-2022-39-hos [in Ukrainian].
3. Ovcharenko, O. Yu. (2023). Psykholohichni osoblyvosti doslidzhennia stresostiikosti studentiv z invalidnistiu [Psychological features of studying stress resistance in students with disabilities]. Naukovyi visnyk Uzhhorodskoho natsionalnoho universytetu. Seriia: Psykholohiia – Scientific Bulletin of Uzhhorod National University. Series: Psychology, (6), 10–17. https://doi.org/10.32782/psy-visnyk/2022.6.2 [in Ukrainian].
4. Palok, I. V., & Shukalova, A. O. (2025). Osobystisna tryvozhnist ta emotsiina samorehuliatsiia u studentiv-VPO [Personal anxiety and emotional self-regulation in students with disabilities]. Perspektyvy ta innovatsii nauky – Prospects and Innovations in Science, 4(50). https://doi.org/10.52058/2786-4952-2025-4(50)-1639-1650 [in Ukrainian].
5. Shevtsova, O. (2023). Psykholohichni Osoblyvosti kopinh-stratehii molodykh osib v umovakh voiennoho st- anu [Psychological characteristics of coping strategies of young people in conditions of martial law]. Naukovi innovatsii ta peredovi tekhnolohii – Scientific innovations and advanced technologies, 13(27), 1039–1048. https://doi.org/10.52058/2786-5274-2023-13(27)-1039-1048 [in Ukrainian].
6. Shumeiko, O. M. (2023). Psykholohichnyi analiz perebihu pidlitkovoi tryvozhnosti pid chas voiennoho stanu v Ukraini [Psychological analysis of adolescent anxiety during martial law in Ukraine]. Vcheni zapysky TNU imeni VI Vernadskoho – Scientific notes of V. I. Vernadsky Ternopil National University, 40. https://doi.org/10.32782/2709-3093/2023.3/07 [in Ukrainian].
7. Georgiades, A., Almuqrin, A., Rubinic, P., Mouhitzadeh, K., Tognin, S., & Mechelli, A. (2023). Psychosocial stress, interpersonal sensitivity, and social withdrawal in clinical high risk for psychosis: a systematic review. Schizophrenia, 9(1), 38. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41537-023-00362-z [in English].
8. Howe-Davies, H., Hobson, C., Waters, C., & van Goozen, S. H. (2023). Emotional and socio-cognitive processing in young children with symptoms of anxiety. European child & adolescent psychiatry, 32(10), 2077–2088. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-022-02050-2 [in English].
9. Mofatteh M. (2020). Risk factors associated with stress, anxiety, and depression among university undergraduate students. AIMS public health, 8(1), 36–65. https://doi.org/10.3934/publichealth.2021004 [in English].
10. Savitsky, B., Radomislensky, I., Katorza, E., & Kaim, A. (2024). Injury as a Result of Children and Adolescent Labor – An Association with Ethnicity and Peripherality: A Retrospective Cohort Study Based on the Israeli Trauma Registry. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, 14(1), 133–147. https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14010009 [in English].
11. Thaivalappil, A., Stringer, J., Burnett, A., Young, I., & Papadopoulos, A. (2023). Bridging the Digital Gap: A Content Analysis of Mental Health Activities on University Websites. Trends in Higher Education, 2(3), 409–420. https://doi.org/10.3390/higheredu2030024 [in English].
12. Vltavska, K., Krejčová, K., & Šulc, Z. (2024). Factors Influencing the Mental Health of University Students in the Czech Republic. Journal on Efficiency and Responsibility in Education and Science, 17(4), 338–348. https://doi.org/10.7160/eriesj.2024.170406 [in English].

(2025) Science and education, 4, 60-69. Odessa.

Krystyna Misailova,
Master’s Degree Candidate in Psychology (Level II),
Department of Pedagogy and Psychology,
Kyiv National Economic University named after Vadym Hetman,
54/1, Peremohy Ave., Kyiv, Ukraine, 
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1451-8846

Denys Lavrynenko,
Senior Lecturer at the Department of Pedagogy and Psychology,
Kyiv National Economic University named after Vadym Hetman, 54/1, 54/1, Peremohy Ave., Kyiv, Ukraine,
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9306-3830

Oksana Kredentser,
Doctor of Psychological Sciences, Professor,
Head of the Department of Social Psychology of Personality,
Institute of Social and Political Psychology of the NAPS of Ukraine,
15, Andriivska Str., Kyiv, Ukraine,
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4119-190X

RESILIENCE AT WORK SCALE (R@W SCALE): VALIDATION AND PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES

Professional resilience is a key factor determining how effectively employees cope with stress and maintain psychological stability; however, Ukraine lacks validated tools for its assessment. The aim of the study was to adapt the Resilience at Work Scale (R@W Scale; P. Winwood, R. Colon, K. McEwen, 2013) to the Ukrainian language and to evaluate its psychometric properties in a sample of employed adults. The adaptation procedure included forward and backward translation, linguistic harmonization, and cultural adaptation of the items. Empirical testing was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, 123 participants completed the survey, and their data were used to assess item discrimination, internal consistency, factor structure, and validity. The second phase involved 78 respondents from the same sample who completed the questionnaire again six months later, allowing the assessment of test-retest reliability and temporal stability. The final Ukrainian-language version of the scale confirmed the 6-factor structure, as the “Interacting Cooperatively” subscale was removed due to its non-compliance with psychometric criteria. As a result, the 6-factor EFA model with 16 items, which formed the basis of the revised Ukrainian-language version of the R@W Scale, explained 74.3% of the variance and demonstrated high purity and stability of factor loadings. The CFA model showed excellent fit indices (CFI=1.000; RMSEA=0.024), and the temporal stability analysis confirmed consistent measurement across time. Convergent validity was supported by significant correlations with measures of general stress resilience and professional resilience. Based on data from the sample of 123 participants, percentile norms were developed to facilitate the interpretation of results.

resilience, R@W Scale, workplace, work, validation, scale, psychometric properties

1. Kokun, O. M. (2021). Opytuvalnyk profesiinoi zhyttiestiikosti (ukrainska versiia) [Professional resilience questionnaire (Ukrainian version)]. Disaster and crisis psychology problems, 1, 90–104. https://doi.org/10.52363/dcpp-2021.1.8 [in Ukrainian].
2. Shkolina, N. V., Shapoval, I. I., Orlova, I. V., Kedýk, I. O., & Stanislavchuk, M. A. (2023). Adaptatsiia ta validizatsiia ukrainomovnoi versii Shkaly stresostiikosti Connor–Davidson-10 (CD-RISC-10) [Adaptation and validation of the Ukrainian version of the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale-10 (CD-RISC-10)]. Ukrainian Rheumatology Journal, 80, 72–77. https://doi.org/10.32471/rheumatology.2707-6970.80.15236 [in Ukrainian].
3. Afek, A., et al. (2021). Psychological resilience, mental health, and inhibitory control among youth and young adults under stress. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, 608588. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.608588 [in English].
4. Ibrahim, B. A., & Hussein, S. M. (2024). Relationship between resilience at work, work engagement and job satisfaction among engineers: A cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 24, 1077. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-18507-9 [in English].
5. Kaya, A. (2024). The association between transformational leadership and teachers’ creativity: Professional resilience and job satisfaction as mediators. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1514621. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1514621 [in English].
6. Winwood, P. C., Colon, R., & McEwen, K. (2013). A practical measure of workplace resilience: Developing the Resilience at Work Scale. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 55(10), 1205–1212. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0b013e3182a2a60a [in English].

(2025) Science and education, 4, 49-59. Odessa.

Iryna Melnychuk
Candidate of Psychological Sciences, 
Associate Professor at the Department of Psychiatry, Medical and Special Psychology,
The state institution "South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky",
26, Staroportofrankivska Str., Odesa, Ukraine,
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1982-7393

A SYSTEMIC AND METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF EMOTIONAL STABILITY OF PERSONALITY

The article presents a theoretical and empirical substantiation of a systemic model of emotional stability as an integral personality trait that ensures successful performance of activity under conditions of increased emotion-generating load. The relevance of the study is determined by the growing frequency of unpredictable, competitive, and crisis situations in the contemporary social environment, as well as by the limited explanatory capacity of traditional descriptions for capturing the procedural dynamics of emotional responding and behavioral indicators of emotional stability. The aim of the study is to conceptualize emotional stability, operationalize its key components, and conduct a pilot psychometric validation of the author’s questionnaire. The methodological framework is based on systemic, subject-activity, and resource approaches, which allow emotional stability to be viewed as a phenomenon of a purely emotional order, possessing a hierarchically organized, self-regulating system aimed at aligning relevant processes with external demands and the goals of the subject. As a result, five leading regulatory emotional properties that specify the content of emotional stability have been identified, namely: emotional sensitivity, emotional lability, emotional gnosis, emotional dominance, and emotional stoicism. It is shown that these properties are integrated into the response process from the perception of an emotion-generating stimulus and the evaluation of its significance to the activation of a dominant response, adaptive adjustment, goal-directed action, and outcome effectiveness with feedback. At the same time, their manifestation is contextually variable. An original emotional stability questionnaire has been developed, which models the regulatory specificity of the five emotional properties through a system of behavioral indicators across nine spheres of life activity (educational, professional, family, social-domestic, interpersonal, competitive, crisis, extreme-threatening, and health-maintenance spheres). Its psychometric validation demonstrated acceptable internal consistency (α=0,783) and high test–retest reliability (r=0,723). Significant correlations with external criteria were established: positive correlations with a descriptive emotional stability scale, resilience, self-esteem, and internal locus of control, and negative correlations with difficulties in emotional regulation, confirming the criterion and construct validity of the instrument. Based on percentile analysis, interpretative thresholds for low, medium, and high levels of emotional stability and its components are proposed. It is demonstrated that emotional stability is structurally invariant but variable in its sphere of realization, and that the developed questionnaire can be used for its diagnosis.

emotional sphere, regulatory capacity, emotional properties, sensitivity, lability, gnosis, dominance, stoicism, spheres of life activity, psychometric validation

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10. Kudinova, M. S. (2016). Porivnialnyi analiz poniat “stresostiikist” ta “emotsiina stiikist” [Comparative analysis of the concepts of “stress tolerance” and “emotional stability”]. Teoriia i praktyka suchasnoi psykholohii – Theory and Practice of Modern Psychology, 22–28. Retrieved from http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/tpcp_2016_1_7 [in Ukrainian].
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12. Malkhazov, O. R. (2022). Rozvytok emotsiinoi stiikosti osib, shcho perezhyvaiut naslidky travmatychnykh podii [Development of emotional resilience of people who experience consequences of traumatic events]. Imeks-LTD. Retrieved from http://lib.iitta.gov.ua/id/eprint/733174/1/Malk-hazov%20O.R.%20Development%20of%20emotional%20resilience-monograph-2022.pdf [in Ukrainian].
13. Kokun, O. M., Pishko, I. O., Lozinska, N. S., & Oliinyk, V. O. (2023). Metodyka doslidzhennia rivnia subiektyvnoho kontroliu (RSK) (Dzh. Rotter v adaptatsii Ye. Bazhyna, S. Holynkinoi, A. Etkinda) [Method for studying locus of control (Rotter, adapted by Bazhin, Golynkina & Etkind)]. In Psykhodiahnostyka liderskykh yakostei viiskovosluzhbovtsiv [Psychodiagnostics of leadership qualities of servicemen] (pp. 159–167). TOV “7BTs”. Retrieved from https://lib.iitta.gov.ua/id/eprint/735409/1/Метод%20Посібник%20Психодіагностика%20 лідерських%20якостей.pdf [in Ukrainian].
14. Okaievych, A. (2020). Formuvannia emotsiino-volovoi stiikosti maibutnikh ofitseriv Zbroinykh syl Ukrainy yak aktualna psykholoho-pedahohichna problema [Formation of emotional and voluntary stability of future officers of the Armed Forces of Ukraine as a current psychological and pedagogical problem]. Pedahohika formuvannia tvorchoi osobystosti u vyshchykh ta zahalnoosvitnikh shkolakh – Pedagogy of Creative Personality Formation in Higher and General Education Schools, 2(71), 173–176. https://doi.org/10.32840/ 1992-5786.2020.71-2.32 [in Ukrainian].
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