(2023) Science and education, 4, 54-62. Odessa.
Viktor Plokhikh,
Doctor of Psychology, Professor,
Professor at the Department of General Psychology,
V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University,
6, Svobody sq., Kharkiv, Ukraine
Olena Chipilenko,
Master Student,
V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University,
6, Svobody sq., Kharkiv, Ukraine
MENTAL HEALTH MANIFESTATIONS IN TIME PERSPECTIVE ORGANIZATION OF FORCED MIGRANTS
SUMMARY:
Forced migrants struggle for survival and deal with the uncertainty of the near future. Given the number of stressful impacts they have, their future life vision is significantly affected. The purpose of this study is to determine the peculiarities of time perspective organization for forced migrants whose mental health and stress resistance are experiencing critical circumstances of life. The subjects of the study were 46 forced migrants of both young and mature ages. Empirical research was conducted using the Google Forms online service. Used Methods: ‘Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory’ (F. Zimbardo); ‘Positive Mental Health Scale’ (PMH-scale; J. Lukat et al.); ‘Riff Scales of Psychological Well-Being’ (K. Riff); Freiburg Personality Inventory (FPI, Form B); ‘Teilor’s Manifest Anxiety Scale’ (J. Taylor). Results. The results show that mentally healthier forced migrants are generally more prosperous compared to others (U = 140.00; p = .006), but only on certain grounds (life goals: U = 145.50; p=.009; self-acceptance: U = 166.00; p=.031). In the time perspective of mentally healthier forced migrants, compared to others, there was a forward-looking future perspective revealed (U = 133.00; p = .004) as well as a positive past (U = 164.00; p=.027). Anxiety in a subgroup of subjects with lower levels of mental health was at a high level and significantly higher compared to others (U = 153.00; p=.015). Conclusions. It was determined that a sufficiently high level of mental health of forced migrants in the organization of the time perspective was manifested as a balanced and consistent current state. That causes a systematic connection between experience in the past and potentially anticipated future. It has been proved that forced migrants, if there were signs of distress development, along with a lowering level of mental health and well-being, a significant increase in anxiety level and depression increase, as well as neuroticism and aggression, have a distinctive focus on negative past and limitations in regards of future definition in their time perspective organization. It has been found out that the important resource for coping with stress for forced migrants is friendship.
KEYWORDS:
mental health, mental well-being, time perspective, anxiety, stress, forced migrants.
FULL TEXT:
REFERENCES:
1. Andrade, C., Tavares, M., Soares, H., Coelho, F., & Tomás, C. (2022). Positive Mental Health and Mental Health Literacy of Informal Caregivers: A Scoping Review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19(22), 15276; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215276
2. Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychol Rev., 84 (2), 191–215.
3. Cai, K. C., van Mil, S., Murray, E., Mallet, J.-F., Matar, C., & Nafissa Ismail, N. (2016). Age and sex differences in immune response following LPS treatment in mice. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 58, 327–337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2016.08.002
4. Cheban, Yu., Chebykin, O., Plokhikh, V., & Massanov, A. (2020). Mental resources for the self-mobilization of rowing athletes. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 20(3), 1580 – 1589. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2020.03216
5. Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2008). Hedonia, eudaimonia, and well-being: an introduction. J Happiness Stud., 9(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-006-9018-1
6. Doré, I., & Caron, J. (2017). Mental Health: Concepts, Measures, Determinants. Sante Ment Que, Spring; 42(1), 125–145. PMID: 28792565
7. Ford, B.Q., Lam, P., John, O.P., & Mauss, I.B. (2018). The psychological health benefits of accepting negative emotions and thoughts: Laboratory, diary, and longitudinal evidence. J Pers Soc Psychol., Dec; 115(6): 1075–1092. doi: 10.1037/pspp0000157
8. Guajardo, M.G., Slewa-Younan, S., Smith, M., Eagar, S., & Stone, G. (2016). Psychological distress is influenced by length of stay in resettled Iraqi refugees in Australia. International Journal of Mental Health Systems, 10, Article number: 4
25. Keyes, C. L. M., Shmotkin, D., & Ryff, C. D. (2002). Optimizing well-being: The empirical encounter of two traditions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(6), 1007–1022. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.82.6.1007
26. Lazarus, R.S., & Folkman, S. (1987). Transactional theory and research on emotions and coping. Eur. J. Pers. 1, 141–169. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.2410010304
27. Leamy, M., Foye, U., Hirrich, A., Bjørgen, D., Silver, J., Simpson, A., Ellis, M., & Johan-Johanson, K. (2023). A systematic review of measures of the personal recovery orientation of mental health services and staff. International Journal of Mental Health Systems, 17:33 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13033-023-00600-y
28. Lukat, J, Margraf, J., Lutz, R., VanderVeld, W.M., & Becker, E.S. (2016). Psychometricproperties of the Positive Mental Health Scale (PMH-scale). BMC Psychology, 4(8). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-016-0111-x
29. Maouch, M. E., Jin, Z., Zhao, K., & Zhang, Y. (2023). The ‘Creativity Crisis’ as a Mind in Crisis: A Cultural-Historical Activity Theory Position. Integr. Psychol. Behav. Sci., Sep 20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12124-023-09808-6
30. Nishimi, K., Koenen, K. C., Coull, B. A., Segerstrom, S. C., Austin, S. B., & Kubzansky, L. D. (2022). Psychological resilience and diurnal salivary cortisol in young adulthood. Psychoneuroendocrinology. Jun: 140:105736. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105736
31. Plokhikh, V. V. (2022). Limitation of psychological defense on the formation of students’ time perspective. Insight: the psychological dimensions of society, 8, 39–55. https://doi.org/10.32999/2663-970X/2022-8-4
32. Plokhikh, V. V. (2023). Relationship between coping behavior and students’ perceptions of the passage of time. Insight: the psychological dimensions of society, 9, 72–93. https://doi.org/10.32999/KSU2663-970Х/2023-9-5
33. Plokhikh, V., Yanovskaya, S., & Bilous, R. (2023). Psychological Defenses of Students in the Process of Experience of Time. BRAIN. Broad Research in Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience, 14(1), 138–156. https://doi.org/10.18662/brain/14.1/411
34. Seligman, M. E., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2014). Positive Psychology: An Introduction. In Flow and the Foundations of Positive Psychology (pp. 279-298). Dordrecht: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9088-8_18
35. Seligman, M. E., Parks, A. C., & Steen, T. (2004). A balanced psychology and a full life. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 359(1449): 1379-81. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2004.1513
36. Selye, H. A. (1975). Confusion and Controversy in the Stress Field. Journal of Human Stress, 1, 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0097840X.1975.9940406
37. Schaefer, J. D., Caspi, A., Belsky, D. W., Harrington, H., Houts, R., Horwood, L. J., Hussong, A., Ramrakha, S., Poulton, R., & Moffitt, T.E. (2017). Enduring mental health: Prevalence and prediction. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 126(2), 212–224. https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000232
38. Twenge, J. M., Cooper, A. B., Joiner, T. E., Duffy, M. E., & Binau, S. G. (2019). Age, period, and cohort trends in mood disorder indicators and suicide-related outcomes in a nationally representative dataset, 2005–2017. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 128(3), 185–199. https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000410
40. Zimbardo, P. G., & Boyd, J.N. (1999). Putting time in perspective: a valid, reliable individualdifferences metric. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol., 77, 1271–1288. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.77.6.1271
