(2022) Science and education, 4, 57-63. Odessa.

Olga Sannikova,
Doctor of Psychology, Рrofessor,
Head of General and Differential Psychology Department,
The State Institution “South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky”,
4, Fontanska Str., Odesa, Ukraine
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3961-2103

INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGICAL PECULIARITIES OF THE EMOTIONAL ACUMEN IN PEOPLE PRONE TO MACHIAVELLIANISM

The given article is aimed at presenting the results of the research on the individual psychological features of the emotional acumen in people who are characterized by a non-clinical form of Machiavellianism. The urgency of the problem is related to the increase in various psycho-emotional and personal disorders caused by the social and political situation in our country – the war. The concepts of Machiavellianism and emotional acumen are theoretically considered as a complex personality property that provides an accurate, adequate reflection of the emotional world of another person based on the recognition of signals of his expression and behavior. It is clarified that emotional acumen is aimed at recognizing and understanding the feelings of another person in order to ascertain and diagnose the emotional states of others without interfering in their course, without external influence on them, and does not affect the regulation of other people’s emotions and the results of such influence. The author analyzes the structure of emotional acumen, the component composition of its indicators, which includes: intentional, emotional, cognitive, conative (behavioral), reflexive (self-control and regulatory) indicators, etc. Machiavellianism in modern psychology is considered mainly as a person’s tendency to use manipulative tactics to achieve their goals against the background of pragmatic morality and cynicism. The assumption about the presence of individual psychological specificity of emotional acumen in people who differ in manifestations of Machiavellianism was empirically tested. The leading methods of this research are the theoretical and methodological analysis of the literature and the empirical study of the ratio of indicators of selected personality traits, which are relevant to the problem and goal of the study. Significant positive and negative correlations were established between the indicators of emotional acumen (ability to recognize emotions) and indicators of the selected personality type. It has been proved that individuals who are prone to Machiavellianism are characterized by high values of the indicator of intentionality (a focus on recognizing the inner emotional world of other people) and a predictive indicator, based on the cognitive component of emotional acumen against the background of low values of other indicators. Representatives of the group of people with low values of the MAC indicator are characterized by a more «smoothed» profile with a tendency to a high level of all indicators of emotional acumen. It has been empirically proven that the tendency to Machiavellianism is characterized by specific manifestations of indicators of emotional insight and the peculiarities of their combinations (combinations).

personality, emotional acumen, structure, Machiavellianism, manipulation, individual psychological differences.

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(2022) Science and education, 4, 49-56. Odessa.

Olena Kosyanova,
Candidate of Psychological Sciences, Аssociate Professor,
Department of Theory and Methods of Practical Psychology,
The State Institution “South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky”,
26, Staroportofrankivska Str., Odesa, Ukraine
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9532-9981

Kateryna Kyrychenko,
2nd-year Postgraduate Student
Department of Theory and Methods of Practical Psychology,
The State Institution “South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky”,
26, Staroportofrankivska Str., Odesa, Ukraine
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5110-4294

Minka Kiminchizhy,
2nd-year Postgraduate Student
Department of Theory and Methods of Practical Psychology,
The State Institution “South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky”,
26, Staroportofrankivska Str., Odesa, Ukraine
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1646-0530

FEATURES OF SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ADAPTATION IN PERSONS WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS OF NEUROTISATION

The article examines the results of research into the psychological features of activity regulation and social-psychological adaptation in individuals with different levels of neuroticism. A hypothesis is put forward regarding the presence of neuroticism on the components of social-psychological adaptation in persons working in the field of management. A common complex of methods was selected: a method for diagnosing social and psychological adaptation (Diamond R.E., 2004), a method for diagnosing self-assessment of mental states (Eysenck G., 1963), a method for diagnosing the level of neurotization (Wasserman L.I., 1987 r.), a method of measuring rigidity (Eysenck G., 1965), a method of express diagnosis of neurosis (Hess H., Heck K., 1975). Empirical research made it possible to identify and quantify the level of neuroticism in respondents and the peculiarities of their psychological state, including the level of adaptation, self-acceptance, acceptance of others, emotional comfort, internality, desire to dominate, anxiety, aggressiveness, frustration, rigidity, etc. The analysis and comparison of the results showed that the level of neuroticism really has an impact on the features of socio-psychological adaptation and its components. It was found that when the level of neuroticism increases, psychological regulation of activity and socio-psychological adaptation of a person deteriorates. It has been shown that respondents with high neuroticism have an increased level of anxiety, frustration and rigidity, as well as tension and difficulty in adaptation. Such individuals do not fully accept themselves and others, have a worse level of emotional comfort, they have a reduced level of desire to dominate, and they often attribute responsibility for the results of their activities or the situation around them to other circumstances or the "decision" of fate. Respondents with a low level of neuroticism have better indicators of psychological regulation of their activities and social-psychological adaptation.

psychological regulation of activity, socio-psychological adaptation, levels of neuroticism, adaptation, influence of neuroticism on adaptation.

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(2022) Science and education, 4, 41-48. Odessa.

Kazanzhy Mariia,
Doctor of Science in Psychology, Рrofessor,
Professor of General and Differential Psychology Department,
The State Institution "South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky",
26, Staroportofrankivska Str., Odesa, Ukraine
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000–0001–8316–1288

Vtornikova Yuliia,
Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, 2nd-year Postgraduate Student,
The State Institution "South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky",
26, Staroportofrankivska Str., Odesa, Ukraine
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4997-655X

ADAPTATION OF THE COMPLEX OF METHODS FOR MEASURING PERSONALITY ATTACHMENT

The article founds the expediency of adapting foreign psychodiagnostic methods to measure the type of personality attachment into Ukrainian language, which is caused by the limitations of psychodiagnostic tools in Ukrainian. This is due to the lack of test materials in Ukrainian, that was really escalated with the beginning of the war in Ukraine. It is emphasized that the adaptation of foreign methods is a multi-level process that requires not only translation into Ukrainian, but also verification of the psychometric properties of representativeness, reliability, validity and reliability of the obtained results. The author of the attachment theory, John Bowlby, defined attachment as the leading factor affecting the quality and effectiveness of all relationships established by a person in his/her adult life. This phenomenon is a frequent client’s request in the psychological counseling and requires a comprehensive analysis, therefore the goal of our research is the Ukrainianlanguage adaptation of a complex of methods aimed at diagnosing the type of personality attachment. At the first stage of the empirical research, three methods were selected: the questionnaire ‘Experience in close relationships’ (Brennan, Clark, Shaver, 1998); the technique ‘Relationship Quality’ (K. Bartholomew and L. Horowitz) and the technique ‘Relationships Structure’. At the second stage, an survey of respondents was conducted. The third stage is devoted to the statistical processing of the obtained data and the interpretation of the research results. It was determined that all indicators are positively correlated with each other, that indicates the validity and reliability of the psychodiagnostic tools adapted by us. The use of ‘test-retest’, which involved re-testing after a month, stated high reliability of all the adapted methods.

psychodiagnosis, attachment, types of attachment, personality, psychodiagnostic tool, reliability, validity.

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3. Fromm E. (2017). Mystetstvo liubovi. [The art of love]. Kharkiv: Klub Simeinoho Dozvillia. 192 s. [іn Ukrainian].

4. Chala Yu.M., Shakhraichuk A.M. (2018).
Psykhodiahnostyka: navchalnyi posibnyk. [Psychodiagnostics: a study guide]. Kharkiv: NTU “KhPI”. 246 s. [іn Ukrainian].
5. Bartholomew, K., Horowitz, L. M. (1991). Attachment styles among young adults: A test of a fourcategory model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Vol. 61. P. 226–244.
6. Brennan, K.; Clark, C.; Shaver, P. (1998). Self-report measures of adult romantic attachment. In J. Simpson and W. Rholes. Attachment Theory and Close Relationships. New York: Guilford Press.
7. Fraley, R. C., Heffernan, M. E., Vicary, A. M., Brumbaugh, C.C. (2011). The Experiences in Close Relationships-Relationship Structures questionnaire: A method for assessing attachment orientations across relationships. Psychological Assessment. Vol. 23. P. 615–625.

(2022) Science and education, 4, 34-40. Odessa.

Olga Ziborova,
Postgraduate student at the Department of Theory and Methods of Practical Psychology,
The State Institution “South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky”,
4, Fontanska Doroha Str., Odesa, Ukraine
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3275-1119

FEATURES OF MOTHER-CHILD INTERACTION IN CASE OF DEVIATIONS IN THE PSYCHOPHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE CHILD

The article presents the results of an empirical study of the relationship between deviations in mother-child interaction and individual-typological features of maternal attitudes in case of deviations in the child’s psychophysical development. The diagnosis of the style of maternal attitude towards a child with special needs, conducted by the author’s questionnaire, revealed a reliable division of mothers into groups according to the characteristics of an adequate style (35%), anxious style (25%), ambivalent style (21.67%) and emotionally detached style (18.33%). Deficits in maternal-child interaction were found in 65% of mothers of special children, which negatively affects the child’s development and can be explained by the mother’s psychological trauma and the child’s weak emotional stimuli. Compensation for the deficit of the maternal need-motivational sphere is possible with social and psychological support for mothers in experiencing trauma and correction of maternal-child interaction. Features of maternal-child interaction are interrelated with signs of maternal attitude style and need to be studied. The signs of maternal-child interaction were diagnosed using the PARI methodology. The diagnostics revealed that mothers with anxious maternal attitudes have indicators of optimal contact and emotional distance with their child. They are average according to the methodology, the most pronounced feature in the behavior of these mothers is excessive concentration on the child, which corresponds to the signs of anxiety style and indicates the creation of dependence in interaction. Women with an ambivalent maternal attitude style showed low levels of optimal contact, medium levels of emotional distance, and medium levels of excessive concentration on the child, which is not conducive to creating a stable situation in interaction. Mothers with an emotionally distant attitude toward a special child showed low levels of optimal contact and the highest levels of emotional distance from the child and excessive concentration on the child among mothers of all groups, which causes manifestations of harshness, avoidance of contact, and suppression of the child’s emotions in interaction.

special child, deviations in maternal attitudes, signs of mother-child interaction, author’s questionnaire of OMV, behavioral style.

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