(2018) Science and education, 9-10, 78-85. Odessa.

Olha Tsarkova,
Doctor of Psychology, associate professor, Department of Psychology,
Наnna Varina,
senior lecturer, Department of Psychology,
Melitopol State Pedagogical University named after Bogdan Khmelnytsky,
20, Hetmanska Str., Melitopol, Ukraine

ORIGIN OF SENSE OF GUILT TRANSFORMATION
IN PHYSICALLY DISABLED CHILDREN’S PARENTS

The paper deals with the experimental survey of parents’ sense of guilt transformation and their attitude to their children’s physical disabilities. Inadequate awareness forms have a destructive impact according to which a style of interfamily relations, a system of relations between a family and the society, features of parents’ worldview and values get deformed. A sense of guilt is considered as a complex cognitive and behavior phenomenon combining fear, self-abasement, self-aggression and involving a system of psychological defenses moderating stress caused by these negative feelings. The aim of the research is to carry out a theoretical analysis and an experimental survey of physically disabled children’s parents’ sense of guilt. The study was carried out at Dnipropetrovsk regional psychiatric hospital, department 42, and Research Institute for Child and Family Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychology, Medical and Psychosocial Rehabilitation, and was based on the following research methods: IGQ-67 modified by O. Belinska, Test of Self-Conscious Affect (TOSCA) by J. Tangney, The Guilt Inventory by K. Kugler, U. Jones, Attitude to Child’s Disease Test by V. Kagan, I. Zhuravliova, Parental Attitude Test by A. Varga, V. Stolin. As a result of the research it has been found that it is a complex inner psychological phenomenon originated from the incomprehension of duty, ignoring self-dignity and self-identity because of self-blaming in child’s disability, experiencing moral suffering and search for hypercompensation. It has been found that maladaptiveness, sensibility, and preclusiveness are peculiar for the parents having children with physical disabilities. The parental sense of guilt in this context involves feeling guilty because of detachment from the family and focus on external causes of guilt. It should be emphasized that a sense of guilt acts as a character trait, not just as a state. The empirical research makes it possible to note that it is parental attitude of acceptance-nonacceptance which is one of the primary factors forming the style of parent-child relations and parents’ attitude to the disease.

sense of guilt, parental attitude, moral trauma, moral suffering, traumatic experience, maladaptation.

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2. Sarancha, I. H. (2011). Robota z batkamy u konteksti sotsialnoi reabilitatsii ditei-invalidiv (Metodychni rekomendatsii) [Work with parents in the context of social rehabilitation of disabled children (Methodological recommendations)]. Vinnytsia [in Ukrainian].
3. Semago, M. M. (2004). Sotsialno-psikhologicheskie problemy semi rebenka-invalida detstva [Socio-psychological problems of the family of a child with a disabled childhood]. Moscow: Prosveshchenie [in Russian].
4. Skvortsov, I. A. (2005). Psikhologicheskie osobennosti roditelei pri nevrologicheskoi invalidnosti rebenka [Psychological features of parents with a child’s neurological disability]. Saint Petersburg [in Russian].
5. Skrypnyk, T.V. (2009). Vzaiemodiia z batkamy autychnoi dytyny u svitli fenomenolohichnoho pidkhodu [Interaction with the parents of autistic child in the light of the phenomenological approach]. Dydactychni ta sotsialnopsykholohichni aspekty korrektsiinoi roboty u spetsialnii shkoli: naukovo-metodychnyi posibnyk – Didactic and psychosocial aspects of correctional work at special needs svhool: collection of methodical recommendations, 11, 227- 234. Kyiv: Nauk. svit [in Ukrainian].
6. Tkacheva, V.V. (2003). Psikhologopedagogicheskoe izuchenie semi, vospityvaiushchei rebenka s otkloneniiami razvitiia [Psychological and pedagogical study of the family raising a child with developmental disabilities]. Psikhologo-pedagogicheskaya diagnostika – Psychopedagogical diagnostics, (pp. 280-290). Moscow: Akademiia [in Russian].
7. Tsarkova, O.V., Varina, H.B. (2019). Systemnyi pidkhid do psykholohichnoi korektsii pochuttia provyny u batkiv ditei z obmezhenymy mozhlyvostiamy ta funktsionalnymy rozladamy [Systemic Approach to the Psychological Correction of Guilt in Parents of Children with Disabilities and Functional Disorders]. Innovatsiini tekhnolohii rozvytku psykholohichnykh resursi osobystosti: kolektyvna monohrafiia – Innovation technologies of personal psychological resources development – monograph. N.I. Tavrovetska (Ed.). Kherson: Vyd-vo FOP Vyshemyrskyi V.S. [in Ukrainian].
8. Sharhorodska, S. (2003). Problemy sotsialnopsykholohichnoi reabilitatsii ditei z osoblyvymy potrebamy ta yikh simei (z dosvidu roboty tvorchoi hrupy tvorchykh psykholohiv i sotsialnykh pedahohiv) [Problems of social and psychological rehabilitation of children with special needs and their families (from the experience of creative group of creative psychologists and social pedagogues)]. Nova pedahohichna dumka – New pedagogical thought, 4, 78-80. [in Ukrainian].
9. Dushka A.L. (2014) Psychological assistance to children with disorders of the emotionalvolitional sphere: family-centered approach. Fundamental and applied researches in practice of leading scientific schools, 6, 30-39 [in English].
10. Rubinstainn D.N. (1995) An intellectual history of psychology. Wisconsin: Wisconsin University Press, 390 [in English].

(2018) Science and education, 9-10, 86-91. Odessa.

Ivan Suliatytskyi,
PhD (Candidate of Psychological Sciences), associate professor,
Department of Special Education and Social Work,
Head of the Psychoinformation Centre,
Ivan Franko National University of Lviv,
Tetiana Kravchuk,
Student,
Department of Special Education and Social Work,
Ivan Franko National University of Lviv,
1, Universytetska Str., Lviv, Ukraine

EMPIRICAL PARAMETERS FOR ATO PARTICIPANTS’ PSYCHOTHERAPY

Psychological assistance to combatants is perhaps one of the most important tasks of modern psychologists. That is why in this article the results of the psychological examination of ATO participants have been highlighted and compared with ordinary people, and correlation and comparative analysis of empirical data has been performed. The interrelation between self-esteem, personal and situational anxiety, depression and aggressiveness has been revealed. Some psychological features (such as self-esteem, personal and situational anxiety, depression and aggressiveness) of the respondents have been examined according to the following criteria: family status, level of education, place of residence. A projective research method and tests-questionnaires in the work with ATO participants have been compared in order to distinguish a type that fits them more than others. It has been found that with an increase in the level of personal anxiety, there is an increase in the levels of situational anxiety and depression, while there is a decrease of the selfesteem level. Therefore, the psycho-correction work with ATO participants should be aimed at improving their selfesteem, which causes the normalization of levels of situational, personality anxiety and depression. A place of residence, marital status, and education degree influence the studied indicators, in other words, the married participants have more adequate self-esteem, anxiety and depression levels as compared to the unmarried ones. It can be explained by the fact that family members’ psychological support acts as one of significant factors having an impact on the psychological states of ATO participants. When questioning ATO participants, it is appropriate to use projective techniques that do not involve direct unpleasant questions and do not make them uncomfortable and uncertain. And only in the case of detecting a certain violation in the process of the projective method interpretation, its quantitative analysis should be carried out using questionnaires. Further research is going to be aimed at finding the most optimal psychotherapeutic methods for correcting the negative psychological characteristics of ATO participants.

aggressiveness, depression, self-esteem, anxiety, ATO participants, psychological support; psychotrauma of war; extreme, traumatic situation; individual strategies; trauma; psychological help; stress projective research method.

1. Buryak, O. O., Ginevsky, M. I., Katerusha, G. L. (2015). Viiskovyi syndrom «ATO»: aktualnist ta shliakhy vyrishennia na derzhavnomu rivni [Military Syndrome ATO: relevance and ways of solving the problem at the state level]. Zbirnyk naukovykh prats Kharkivskoho natsionalnoho universytetu Povitrianykh Syl – Collection of scientific works of Kharkiv National University of AirForces, 2 (43), 176-181 [in Ukrainian].
2. Kresan, O. D. (2016). Psykholohichni aspekty perezhyvannia zhyttievykh podii uchasnykamy ATO [Psychological aspects of the transfer of vital events of ATO participants]. Tekhnolohii rozvytku intelektu – Technologies of development of intelligence, 3. Retrieved from: http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/tri_2016_2_3_4. [in Ukrainian].
3. Mushkevych, M. I. Proektyvnyi metod v psykholohichnii roboti z uchasnykamy ATO [Projective method in psychological work with ATO participants]. Retrieved from: http://esnuir.eenu.edu.ua/bitstream/123456789/8482/1/Прое кт%20метод%20АТО.pdf [in Ukrainian]. 
4. Kuzikova, S. B., Shcherbakova, I. M. (2016). Osobystist u kryzovykh umovakh ta v krytychnykh sytuatsiiakh zhyttia: Zbirnyk naukovykh prats [ Personality in crisis conditions and in critical situations of life: Collection of scientific works]. Sumy: the Publishing House of Sumy MPU named after AS Makarenko [in Ukrainian].
5. Osodlo, I.V., Zubovskiy, D.S. (2017). Posttravmatychne zrostannia osobystosti uchasnykiv boiovykh dii: suchasnyi stan ta perspektvy [The posttraumatic growth of the personality of the participants in the hostilities: the current state and prospects]. Ukrainskyi psykholohichnyi zhurnal: zbirnyk naukovykh prats – Ukrainian psychological journal: a collection of scientific works, 1 (3). Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University. Kyiv [in Ukrainian].
6. Grinyova, N.V. (Ed.). (2014). Pidhotovka psykholoha-praktyka do vykorystannia maliunku v diahnostykokorektsiinomu protsesi (psykhodynamichnyi pidkhid): navchalnyi posibnyk [Preparation of a psychologist-practice to use a picture in a diagnostic-correction process (psychodynamic approach): tutorial]. Uman: Visa [in Ukrainian].
7. Prairfer, Samuel (2017). Depresiia: Khvoroba suchasnosti [Depression: The Disease of the present]. Lviv: Svichado [in Ukrainian].
8. Raygorodsky, D.Ya. (2001). Praktycheskaia psykhodyahnostyka. Metodyky y testы. Uchebnoe posobye [Practical psychodiagnostics. Methods and tests. Tutorial]. Samara: Publishing House "BAKHRAH-M" [in Ukrainian].
9. Yurtsenyuk, O.S., Rotar, S.S. (2015). Nepsykhotychni psykhichni rozlady v osib, yaki braly uchast v zbroinomu protystoianni na skhodi Ukrainy [Non-psychotic mental disorders in persons who participated in armed confrontation in eastern Ukraine]. Zdobutky klinichnoi i eksperymentalnoi medytsyny – Achievements of clinical and experimental medicine, 4, 85-87 [in Ukrainian].
10. Yanshin, P.V. (2004). Praktykum po klynycheskoi psykholohyy. Metodы yssledovanyia lychnosty [Practicum on clinical psychology. Methods of personality research]. Saint Petersburg: Peter [in Ukrainian].

(2018) Science and education, 9-10, 92-97. Odessa.

Svitlana Shevchenko,
PhD (Candidate of Psychological Sciences), associate professor,
Department of Psychology,
Ihor Denysov,
PhD (Candidate of Psychological Sciences), associate professor,
Department of Psychology,
Melitopol State Pedagogical University named after Bogdan Khmelnitsky,
20, Hetmanska Str., Melitopol, Ukraine

PECULIARITIES OF PSYCHOSOCIAL ADAPTATION OF ADOLESCENTS
AND STUDENTS AS A PRECONDITION FOR THEIR ASOCIAL BEHAVIOR

The paper deals with an experimental study of adolescents’ and students’ psychosocial adaptation as a precondition for their asocial behavior. Successful psychosocial adaptation contributes to the formation of an integral and positive self-image, adequate and stable self-esteem which are a condition for logical behavior and advanced self-regulation, and, correspondingly, it reduces the probability of asocial behavior emergence in adolescents and students. The study involved 252 adolescents studying at schools aged 13-14 and 285 first-year students of Melitopol State Pedagogical University named after Bogdan Khmelnitsky. Using an expert evaluation method, the examination of respondents’ behavior according to the criterion of presence or absence of asocial behavior manifestations has been performed. It has been found that socially adequate students’ and adolescents’ behavior is associated with a higher level of their psychosocial adaptation and its certain indicators (the level of self-acceptance and tolerance, emotional comfort, internal locus of control) and striving for domination as a tendency to influence a situation and other people, and vice versa, asocial behavior has close correlation relationship with lower level of adaptability to psychosocial environment and its parameters. The carried out theoretical and empirical research can be the basis for the development and implementation of efficient methods of students’ and adolescents’ asocial behavior prevention.

 psychosocial adaptation, asocial behavior, self-acceptance, tolerance, emotional comfort-discomfort, internality, striving for domination, adolescents, students.

1. Alekseeva, T. V. (2008). Sotsialno-psyhologichni aspekty adaptatsii: monografiya [Socio-psychological aspects of adaptation: monograph]. Donetsk: Weber [in Ukrainian].
2. Belinska, I.A. (1999). Psyhologichni chynnyky socialnoi dezadaptacii pidlitkiv [Psychological factors of social disadaptation of adolescents]. Psykholohiia samosvidomosti: istoriia, suchasnyi stan ta perspektyvy doslidzhennia: zbirnyk naukovykh prats Instytutu psykholohii im. H. S. Kostiuka APN Ukrainy – Psychology of self-awareness: history, current state and prospects of research: a collection of scientific papers of the Institute of Psychology named after. S. Kostyuk APS of Ukraine (pp. 12-14). S. D. Maksimenko (Ed.) [in Ukrainian].
3. Boiko, I. I. (1990). Psyhologichna adaptatsiia pidlitka do novyh umov navchannia [Psychological adaptation of the child to the new learning conditions]. Psykholohiia: zbirnyk naukovykh prats – Psychology: collection of scientific works, 2, 92-96. Kiev [in Ukrainian].
4. Varina, G.B., & Gys, N.V. (2015). Osoblyvosti doslidzhennja kognityvnogo komponentu profesijnoi stijkosti majbutnogo praktychnogo psyhologa v procesi navchannja u VNZ [Features of the study of the cognitive component of the professional stability of a future psychologist in the process of studying in a university]. Vestnik ONU imeni I.I. Mechnikova – Bulletin of Mechnikov Odessa National University, “Psychology” series, 20, 2 (36), 19-26 [in Ukrainian].
5. Denysov, I.G. (2005). Profilaktyka asocialnoi povedinky pidlitkiv shljahom usvidomlennja i rozvytku osobystisnyh mozhlyvostej [Prevention of antisocial behavior of adolescents by the recognition and development of personal abilities]. Naukovi zapysky Instytutu psykholohii imeni G.S. Kostiuka APN Ukrainy – Scientific notes of the Institute of Psychology named after G.S. Kostyuk APN of Ukraine, 26, 475-480 [in Ukrainian].
6. Denysov, I.G. (2009). Shylnist do asocialnoi povedinky v strukturi samosvidomosti pidlitka [The propensity to antisocial behavior in the structure of the adolescent's self-awareness]. Science and Education. Special edition “Personality Psychology: Theory, Experience, Practice”, 8, 189-193 [in Ukrainian].
7. Kleiberg, Yu. A. (2001). Psikhologiia deviantnogo povedeniia: uchebnoe posobie dlia vuzov [Psychology of Deviant Behavior: A Textbook for Universities]. Moscow TC Sphere, with the participation of Yurayt-M [in Russian].
8. Maksymova, N.Yu., & Tolstouhov, S.V. (2000). Socialno-psyhologichnyj aspekt adyktyvnoi povedinky pidlitkiv ta molodi [Socio-psychological aspect of addictive behavior of adolescents and youth]. [in Ukrainian].
9.Mamajev, D. Yu. (2009). Socialno-psyhologichna adaptaciya molodi do umov navchannja u vyshhomu navchalnomu zakladi [Socio-psychological adaptation of young people to the conditions of study in a higher educational institution]. Teoretychni ta prykladni problem psykholohii – Theoretical and applied problems of psychology, 1 (21),1-3 [in Ukrainian].
10.Oleksenko, R.I., & Carkova, O.V.(2013) Ekonomiko-psyhologichna adaptaciya suspilstva v postradjanski chasy [Economic and psychological adaptation of society in post-Soviet times]. Investitsii: praktyka ta dosvid – Investments: practice and experience, 10, 48-50 [in Ukrainian].
11. Rean, A.A., Kudashev, A. R. , & Baranov, A. A. (2008). Psikhologiia adaptatsii lichnosti [Psychology of personality adaptation]. Petersburg: Prime-Euroznak [in Russian].
12.Harchenko, S.V. (2009). Fenomen adaptacijnogo stresu ta problemy zabezpechennja psyhichnogo zdorovja pershokursnykiv pid chas navchalnoi dijalnosti u vyshhij shkoli [Phenomenon of adaptive stress and problems of providing mental health of first-year students during educational activities in higher education]. Naukovyi zhurnal NPU imeni M.P. Dragomanova – Scientific journal of the NPU named after M.P. Dragomanova, 36, 387-392 [in Ukrainian].
13.Shevchenko, S.V. (2014). Analiz psykholohichnykh umov rozvytku rozumovoi pratsezdatnosti pershokursnykiv v adaptatsiinyi period [Analysis of psychological conditions for the development of mental capacity for first-year students in the adaptation period]. Aktualni problem psykholohii: zbirnyk naukovykh prats Instytutu psykholohii imeni G.S. Kostiuka – Actual problems of psychology: Collection of proceedings of the Institute of Psychology named after G.S. Kostuk, 26, 918- 931 [in Ukrainian].
14. Parsons, T. & Bales, R. (1955) Family, Socialization and Interaction Process (pp. 10–26) Glencoe, IL: Free Press [in English].
15. Shaefer, E. S. (1959). A circumflex model for materual behavior journal of Abnormal and social psychology (pp. 226-135) [in English].

(2018) Science and education, 9-10, 98-105. Odessa.

Denys Malieiev,
PhD (Candidate of Psychological Sciences), associate professor,
Department of Personal Psychology and Development,
Donetsk Regional Institute of Postgraduate Pedagogical Education,
47, V, Stusa Str., Kramatorsk, Ukraine

STUDY OF VALUE SYSTEM OF EXPERTS WITH
DIFFERENT LEVELS OF PROFESSIONAL INTEGRITY

The paper deals with the issue of psychological support in the context of the development of professional integrity of experts working for the departments of preventive activities of the National police of Ukraine. The study has involved 218 experts working in various Police Departments in Donetsk region. The research is based on the following methods: Professional Integrity Personal Inventory by Ye. Strizhov, Worker’s Personality Expert Evaluation by B. Bovin, Value Orientations Test by D. Leontiev, a modified variant of The Repertory Grid by G. Kelly, which have made it possible to examine the specifics of the semantic (conceptual) system of the respondents having different levels of professional integrity, to find out personal constructs of these experts’ professional awareness as well as their conceptual ideas about a flawless image of a reliable policeman based on the analysis of their professionally important qualities and work in general. A professional image of the respondents having the optimal level of professional integrity can be interpreted through the use of such categories as kindness, honesty, dignity, right, justice, and humanity. Such an understanding of one’s destination in a profession stimulates processes of self-fulfillment, self-development and sense of being satisfied with one’s work, forming a certain “value content”, which prevents the processes of professional deformation and negative personal transformations reducing professional integrity of an expert. It has been empirically proved that moral and value determination of personality’s behavior is a psychological factor contributing to the development of experts’ professional integrity.

 professional integrity, professionally important qualities, personal constructs, value orientations.

1. Bessonova, Iu. V. (2011). Tsennostnye predposylki professionalnoi nadezhnosti [Valuable preconditions for professional reliability] Perspektivnye razrabotki nauki i tekhniki – Perspective developments of science and technology, 7. Retrieved from: http://www.rusnauka.com/28_PRNT_2011/Psihologia/10 _94600. doc.htm1 [in Russian].
2. Bovin, B. G., Lebedev, A.N., Litvinova, T.I., Rakov, A.M. (2007). Informirovannost ekspertnykh otsenok i samootsenok v zadachakh professionalnoi psikhodiagnostiki [Informativeness of expert assessments and self-assessments in the tasks of professional psychodiagnostics]. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta – Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin, 10 (73), 81-88 [in Russian].
3. Volkov, A. A. (2010). Transformatsii tsennostnosmyslovoi sfery sotrudnikov militsii obshchestvennoi bezopasnosti kak psikhologicheskie barery v ikh uspeshnoi professionalnoi samorealizatsii [Transformation of the value-semantic sphere of public security police officers as psychological barriers in their successful professional self-realization]. Vestnik Instituta Druzhby narodov Kavkaza «Teoriia ekonomiki i upravlenie narodnym khoziaistvom» – Bulletin Peoples' Friendship Institute of the Caucasus «Theory of economics and national economy management», 3 (15), 125-128 [in Russian].
4. Kuasheva, E. R. (2011). Zhiznestoikost i tsennostno-smyslovye predpochteniia lichnosti: soglasovannost i protivorechiia (na materiale sotrudnikov organov vnutrennikh del) [Stead-fastness and valuesemantic preferences of the person: the coordination and contradictions (s shown by the material of lawenforcement body employees)]. Vestnik adygeiskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriia: pedagogika i psikhologiia – Bulletin of the Adyghe State University. Series «Pedagogy and Psychology», 3, 173-178 [in Russian].
5. Leontev, D. A. (2000). Test smyslozhiznennykh orientatsii (SZhO) [Test of meaningful orientations]. Moscow: Smysl [in Russian].
6. Malieiev, D.V. (2016). Psykholohichni chynnyky rozvytku profesiinoi nadiinosti pratsivnykiv pidrozdiliv preventyvnoi diialnosti Natsionalnoi politsii Ukrainy [Psychological factors in the development of professional reliability of the employees of the preventive activities of the National police of Ukraine]. Candidate’s thesis. Kharkiv: Khark. nats. un-t vnutr. sprav [in Ukrainian].
7. Strizhov, E. Iu. (2011). Nravstvennopsikhologicheskie determinanty moshennichestva [Moral and psychological determinants of fraud]. Doctor’s thesis. Moscow: Akad. upr. MVD RF [in Russian].
8. Crumbaugh, J. S. (1968). Cross-validation of Purpose-in-Life Test based on Frankl’s concept. J. of Individual Psychology, 24, 74–81.
9. Crumbaugh, J. S. & Maholick, L.T. (1964). An experimental study in existentialism: The psychometric approach to Frankl’s concept of noogenic neurosis. J. of Clinical Psychology, 20, 200-207.
10. Kelly, G. A. (1963). A theory of personality: The psychology of personal constructs. Oxford, England: W. W. Norton.
11. Maleev, D. V. (2016). Psychological factors of reliability of professional activity of employees of Internal Affairs Bodies. Fundamental and applied researches in practice of leading scientific schools, 1 (13), 55-72.