(2017) Science and education, 1, 28-32. Odessa.

Iryna Revasevych,
PhD (Candidate of Psychological Sciences), associate professor,
Department of Psychology and Social Work,
Ternopil National Economic University,
11, Lvivska Str., Ternopil, Ukraine

REFLEXIVE JUSTIFICATION OF SUBJECT FIELD OF PSYCHOCULTURE

The article deals with the peculiarities of the formation of psychoculture as an important sphere of social reality. The research presents the comparative analysis of domestic and foreign scientific approaches to the issue of interaction of two substances – the psyche and culture. Without using the term “psychoculture”, scientists generally considered its essential content in the context of the collective unconscious or spirituality of people. Domestic philosopher S.Krymskiy described features and some aspects of psycho-culture of the Ukrainian society. The methodological reflection of the mentioned theoretical sources on the basis of the dialectical method of G. Hegel has made it possible to determine the stages of the development of the term “psychoculture”: “thesis (cultural psychology) – antithesis (psycho-logical culture) – synthesis (psychoculture)”. It has been established that the culture and psychology are closely related to each other. Namely the culture is one of the most important factors forming the human psyche. Today the connection of psyche and culture is studied by such scientific disciplines as cross-cultural and cultural psychology, the boundaries between which are unclear. It is argued that “psychoculture” and “psychological culture” are considered by scholars as interchangeable categorical concepts and identified with the pedagogical competence and professional perfection of a personality. A psycho-philosophical concept of this issue by Ukrainian psychologist A. Furman is considered to be the most methodologically mature. In 2001, he introduced the concept of psychoculture into the scientific world and also prepared and implemented a curriculum of the discipline “Psychoculture of innovative socio systems”. The author considers psycho-culture as historically conditioned, dynamic, program-spiritual focus of the large or localized society on one or another way of life activity (in the forms of behavior, activity, communication, action), which ensures the survival, reproduction and renewal of psychosocial vitality of separate communities and groups, first of all the ideas, attitudes, values, representations, norms and models of human actions, the national mentality and societal psyche in general. In other studies, psychoculture is regarded as the center of vita cultural methodology, presented thought schemes of basic forms, philosophical-methodological dimensions, types, and determinants of psychoculture.

psyche, culture, cultural psychology, psychological culture, psycho-culture, mentality, vita cultural methodology.

(2017) Science and education, 1, 33-41. Odessa.

Willie van Peer,
PhD, Ludwig Maximilian University,
2, Professor-Huber-Platz, Munich, Germany,
Anna Chesnokova,
PhD (Candidate of Philological Sciences),
Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University,
18/2, Bulvarno-Kudriavska Str., Kyiv, Ukraine,
Matthias Springer,
PhD, Ludwig Maximilian University,
2, Professor-Huber-Platz, Munich, Germany

DISTRESSFUL EMPATHY IN READING LITERATURE: THE CASE FOR TERROR MANAGEMENT THEORY?

This article investigates the extent to which predictions of Terror Management Theory also hold on reading literature. Indeed, death is ubiquitous in fiction. But does reading about it cause the same reactions as those predicted by Terror Management Theory? To answer this question, five reading experiments were carried out. The hypothesis, developed in the framework of Terror Management Theory, that direct confrontation with one‟s mortality strengthens both prejudices against outsiders and enhances in-group values, was tested. Contrary to initial expectations, the results did not confirm the predictions, casting a shadow over the hypothesis of distressful empathy. This raises the question whether mortality salience in literary texts is different from other such confrontations. This leads us to the question why people indulge in such distressful emotions. It will be argued that confrontation with death in literature may actually relieve the tension produced by mortality reminders. This perspective may be linked to Aristotle‟s notion of catharsis.

empathy, Terror Management Theory, mortality salience, literary texts, non-fictional texts, catharsis.

(2017) Science and education, 1, 42-48. Odessa.

Oksana Koval,
PhD (Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences), associate professor,
Department of Psychology and Social Work, Ternopil National Economic University,
11, Lvivska Str., Ternopil, Ukraine

THE ACT OF MERCY AS A CANON OF MORAL FORMATION OF A PERSONALITY

The paper characterizes moral and psychological nature of mercy. The concept of mercy is analyzed in religious, ethical and philosophical, pedagogical, psychological views. Based on the theory of V. Romenets, canonical structure of an act is considered as cyclical succession of situational, motivational, active, and after-act components. The principal components of phenomenology of the act of mercy have been studied, namely: life situation, moral and sensuous experience caused by it, moral understanding of the situation and behavioural motives, choice and decision-making, volitional stimulus, act, after-act understanding. It is assumed that at the stage of after-act, every act of mercy causes ambivalent feelings in a person, which become the psychological basis for future acts.

mercy, psychological nature of mercy, the act of mercy, canonical structure of the act of mercy, components of the canonical structure of the act of mercy.

(2017) Science and education, 1, 55-62. Odessa.

Liubov Kuzo,
PhD (Candidate of Psychological Sciences), associate professor,
Department of Language Training,
Lviv State University of Internal Affairs,
26, Horodotska Str., Lviv, Ukraine

MOTIVATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TEMPORAL PERSPECTIVE
OF ENGLISH LEARNERS MAJORING IN DIFFERENT SPECIALTIES

An important factor of person’s behavioral motivation is his/her temporal perspective. The proficiency of English as a foreign language is associated not only with the students’ efficiency or intellectual capacity but also depends on their academic motivation. The nature of the events that form the basis of students’ temporal perspective determine the direction and content of their activities in the academic studies, initiative, satisfaction with the studies, personal awareness of the importance of new knowledge. The aim of the study is to single out the differences of motivational characteristics of temporal perspective in groups of students who study English according to different curricula. In the research, positive inducers of Nuttin’s Motivational Induction Method were used for the explication of structural and semantic features of students’ temporal perspective. According to the results obtained, going abroad can be considered as an important motivational factor of learning English. For the most part, excellent students were characterized by desire to go abroad. That is why they have the highest number of motivational objects located in the nearest future, since living abroad is considered to be less predictable due to the lack of students’ experience of staying abroad. On the other hand, less successful students, who have more plans localized in the mature period of life, do not plan to immigrate, but strive to obtain abstractly formulated self-realization in Ukraine. Higher number of motivational objects that are peculiar to more successful respondents can be explained by their higher level of diligence, allowing them to study more effectively. On the other hand, this does not exclude greater level of cognitive complexity of the excellent students that allows them to produce greater number of motivational objects and study more successfully. The study proves that the higher is the efficiency of studying, the higher is the number of motivational objects located at the age of 25 years or older. These results prove that the respondents have clearer plans particularly for this period of their lifetime.

educational success, motivation, motivation induction, motivational object, temporal perspective, interrelation.

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