(2016) Science and education, 7, 111-117. Odessa.

Olesia Posvistak,
PhD (in historical sciences), associate professor,
Department of Philosophy and Political Science,
Khmelnytsky National University,
11, Instytutska Str., Khmelnytskyi, Ukraine

BEHAVIOURISTIC APPROACH TO FAMILY: SPECIFICITY AND BASIC CONCEPTS

Today the phenomenon of family psychology still remain understudied in Ukraine. There are very few scientific works dealing wiht this issue. The need for creating such kinds of research is caused by the necessity of providing qualified psychological assistance to families. Besides, practice should be based on the solid theoretical foundation. In view of this, the study of theoretical basis of family psychology by means of the analysis of the concepts formulated by the Психологія – Психология – Psychology "Наука і освіта", №7, 2016 117 representatives of the main psychological schools is considered to be topical. The article is aimed at determining the specificity of behaviouristic approach to family psychology and distinguishing the basic concepts of this phenomenon formulated by behaviourists. The essential characteristics of the behaviouristic theory made it possible to conclude that a number of concepts formed the basis of family psychology as a scientific field. It has been determined that the concept of child-parent relationship, created by J. Watson, comes to the development of child’s behaviour and discipline technology with the educational purpose. B. Skinner created the concept of solving family problems by changing the behaviour of its members. It has been found that the study of problems of family conflict from the positions of behaviourism is considered to be an important contribution to the development of family psychology. J. Kelly, G. Thibaut, J. Homans developed a concept of the analysis of behaviour in dyads. They are used for explaining the choice of a marriage partner as well as analyzing and forecasting interpersonal interaction of spouses. The review of the behaviourist approach to the family made it possible to conclude that its specificity involves paying thorough attention to the behaviour of a married couple, parents and children

psychology of the family, behaviorism, behavior, dyad, “results matrix”.

1.Bandura, A. (1977). Teoriya sotsialnogo naucheniya [Social Learning Theory]. Saint Petersburg: Evraziya [in Russian].
2.Kelli, G. & Tibo, G. (1984). Mezhlichnostnye otnosheniya [Interpersonal relationships]. Sovremennaya zarubezhnaya sotsialnaya psikhologiya – Modern foreign social psychology (pp. 61 – 81). Moscow : Izd-vo Mosk.un-ta [in Russian].
3. Potapchuk, E. M. & Potapchuk, N. D. (2014). Povedinkovi reaktsii podruzhzhia v situatsiiakh adiulteru ta osoblivosti nadannya yim psihologichnoyi dopomogi [Behavioral responses of spouses in situations of adultery and features of providing them with psychological help]. Retrieved from: http://elar.khnu.km.ua/jspui/handle/123456789/1216 [in Urainian].
4. Potapchuk, E. M. & Potapchuk, N. D. (2011). Pozashliubni stosunki podruzhzhia ta prichini yih viniknennia [Extramarital relationships spouses and their causes]. Zbirnik naukovih prats Natsionalnoyi akademiyi Derzhavnoyi prikordonnoyi sluzhbi Ukrayiny – Proceedings of the National Academy of State Border Service of Ukraine, 61, 205-209 [in Urainian]. Психологія – Психология – Psychology "Наука і освіта", №7, 2016 116
5.Rittser, G. (2002). Sovremennye sotsiologicheskie teorii [Contemporary Sociological Theory]. Saint Petersburg: Piter [in Russian].
6.Skinner, B. (2007). Tekhnologiya povedeniya [Behavior technology]. Vestnik NGU. – Bulletin of NGU, 1, 82-91 [in Russian].
7. Turban, V. V. (2016). Simeynyi konflikt yak predmet doslidzhennia u praktichniy psykholohii [Family conflict as a subject of study in practical psychology]. Aktualni problemy psykholohii – Relevant problems of psychology, 28, 444-453) [in Urainian].
8.Wotson, G. (1930). Psikhologicheskiy ukhod za rebenkom [Psychological care of a child]. Moscow: Mir [in Russian].
9. Homans, G. (1984). Sotsialnoe povedenie kak obmen [Social behavior as an exchange]. Sovremennaya zarubezhnaya sotsialnaya ensikhologiya – Modern foreign social encyclopedia. (pp. 82 – 91). Moscow: VGU [in Russian].
10. Chebykin, O. Ya., Denysenko, A. O. (2004). Doslidzhennia psykholohichnoi hotovosti do podruzhnikh vzaiemostosunkiv starshykh pidlitkiv ta yunatstva [Studying senior adolescents’ psychological readiness for marriage]. Nauka i osvita – Science and education, 2, 58-63 [in Ukrainain].
11. Shults, D. P. & Shults, S. E. (1998). Istoriya sovremennoy psikhologii [History of Modern Psychology]. Saint Petersburg: Evraziya [in Russian].
12.Dollard, J., Doob, L., Miller, N., Mowrer, O. & Sears, R. (1939). Frustration and aggression. New Haven, CT : Yale University Press [in English].
13.Homans, G. C. (1961). Social Behavior: Its Elementary Forms. New York, Hartcourt, Brace & World [in English].
14.Homans, G. C. (1967). The nature of social science. New York, Hartcourt, Brace & World [in English].
15.Maccoby, E., Levin, H., Lowell, E., Sears, R., Whiting, J. & Berwick, J. (1957). Patterns of child rearing. Stanford Univ Pr. [in English].
16.Skinner, В. Science and human behavior. Cambridge: B.Skinner Foundation.
17.Watson J. B. (1930). Behaviorism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press[in English].

(2016) Science and education, 7, 117-126. Odessa.

Olena Medianova,
PhD (Candidate of Psychological Sciences), associate professor,
Department of Philosophy and Bioethics,
Odessa National Medical University,
13, Olhiivska Str., Odesa, Ukraine

THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ANALYSIS OF USING THE COGNITIVE
UNIT OF THE METHOD «CREATING FORCE» BY I. V. YERSHOVA-BABENKO FOR
THE DEVELOPMENT OF COGNITIVE COMPONENTS OF A PERSONALITY

The article deals with synergetic principles and psychosynergetic conceptual model used in the method “Creating Force” by I. Yershova-Babenko for the development of personality’s cognitive components. The results of these techniques’ testing carried out among medical students and pharmacists, in particular theoretical review and results of the implementation of the method “Statiotemporal Summary” for historical information processing are represented. Theoretical review of postnonclassical principles (V. Budanov) characterising system behaviour in the process of Becoming (at bifurcation points) has made it possible to substantiate the use of techniques aimed at stimulating preventive development of personality’s cognitive capabilities in training sessions when studying at pharmaceutical college. The effectiveness of the technique for statistically significant development of intellectual process “Classification” has been found; stimulation of the development of the process “Systematisation” has been confirmed. In addition, theoretical principles of educational process organisation against the background of its nonlinear nature have been reviewed; the use of the technique intended to the development of cognitive components of medical student’s personality and its impact on the state of a personality in general and its axiological sphere have been substantiated. According to the results of the formative experiment: 1) cognitive components of a personality mostly stimulated by this method have been identified (operational index – abstractly symbolic way of thinking, summarized index – the level of personal intelligence); 2) the impact of the development of cognitive sphere of medical students’ personalities on the state of their axiological sphere has been investigated; 3) the data on the impact of educational process organisation during the first year of studies at medical universities on the state of students’ cognitive sphere has been obtained. The current tendency towards decline of cognitive capabilities among students of colleges and higher educational institutions as well as the necessity for selecting techniques intended to their compensative development in the course of studying has been confirmed. Theoretical and practical analysis of using cognitive techniques of the method “Creating Force” developed by I. Yershova-Babenko has made it possible to determine the area of their optimum efficiency for the development of cognitive sphere of students’ personalities, the activation of self-organisational inner personal processes, the formation of professionally significant orientation of values of future medical workers’ personalities. 

cognitive sphere of a personality, synergetics, ways of thinking, cognitive operations, axiological sphere of a personality, psychosynergetics.

1. Beseda o kompozitsii s kinooperatorom V. P. Babenko – chlenom Soyuza kinematografistov SSSR i Ukrainy [Conversation about composition with cameraman V. Babenko – a member of the Union of cameramen of USSR and Ukraine]. (2013). Odessa [in Russian].
2. Ershova-Babenko, I. V. (2005). Psikhosinergeticheskie strategii chelovecheskoy deyatelnosti. (Kontseptualnaya model).Monografiya [Psychological strategies of human activities (Conceptual model). Monigraph].Vynnytsia: NOVA KNYHA [in Russian].
3. Ershova-Babenko, I. V. (2007).Sbornik lektsiy po psikhosinergetike [Collection of lectures on psyychosynergetics]. Odessa[in Russian].
4. Knyazeva, E. N., Kurdyumov, S. P. (1994). Slozhnoorganizovannye sistemy. Monografiya [Complex systems. Monigraph]. Moscow: Mir[in Russian].
5. Medyanova, E. V. (2013).Kognitivnye sostavlyayushchie kak faktor razvitiya tsennostnoy sfery lichnosti studenta-medika [Cognitive components as a factor of student-medician’s axiological sphere development]. Candidate’s thesis. Odessa[in Russian].
6. Kiyashchenko, L. P., Stepin, V. S. (2009).Postneklassika: filosofiya, nauka, kultura: Kollektivnaya monograiya [Postnonclassics: philosophy, science, culture: collective monograph]. Saint Petersburg: Izdatelskiy dom «Mіr»[in Russian]. Психологія – Психология – Psychology "Наука і освіта", №7, 2016 125
7. Rozporiadzhennia Kabinet Ministriv Ukrainy vid 30 veresnia 2015 r. # 1018-r «Pro skhvalennia Kontseptsii Derzhavnoi tsilovoi sotsialnoi prohramy “Molod Ukrainy” na 2016-2020 roky» [Ordinance of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine from 30.09.2015 “About the approval of the Concept of state target social programme «Youth of Ukraine” for 2016-2020”]. Retrieved from: http://zakon3.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1018-2015- %D1%80[in Ukrainian].

(2016) Science and education, 7, 126-132. Odessa.

Olena Miroshnychenko,
PhD (Candidate of Pedagogical sciences), assistant professor,
Department of Pedagogy, Psychology and Educational Institutions Management,
Zhytomyr Ivan Franko State University,
40, Velyka Berdychivska Str., Zhytomyr, Ukraine 

ROLE OF WINTERER’S TEMPERAMENT IN THE PROCESS
OF ADAPTING TO THE LIVING CONDITIONS IN ANTARCTICA

The issue of psychological preparation of a Ukrainian winterer for the long stay in Antarctica is considered to be topical today. Since the 16th Ukrainian Antarctic expedition to the station “Akademik Vernadsky” we have been examining winterers adaptation to the life in the Antarctic. The article deals with the peculiarities of winterers’ temperament types in the process of adaptation to the extreme life conditions. The features of the winterers’ life are associated with long-term (up to 13 months) stay in a limited area, causing social isolation, sensory and psychological deprivation. The winterers’ adaptation depends on the expedition participants’ emotional state stability, which is based on the peculiarities of personality temperament in severe climate conditions. The article presents the author’s method of the determination of temperament types manifestation and describes psychodiagnostic tools for its using. The verification of the psychological parameters (assessments) are performed for four times: during the formation of an expedition team (February-March of the corresponding year expeditions), in the middle of winter (June-July of the corresponding expedition year), during the opening of the stations for visitors (November of the corresponding expedition year) and at the end of winter (March of the year when the team returns). The research results have shown that phlegmatic is the most adapted type of temperament for living in the Antarctic. The representatives of this type of temperament make about 40% of members of the Ukrainian Antarctic expeditions, which indicates a sufficient level of winterer teams’ psychological stability. These experiments are carried out within the State program of scientific research in Antarctica for 2011-2020 and need further development

adaptation, adaptability, temperament, excitation, inhibition, strength, mobility, balance nerve processes, psychodiagnostic tools.

1. Volodarskaya, I. A., Izergin, N. D., Markov, A. S. Nekotorye problemy formirovaniya professionalizma u kursantov voennogo artilleriyskogo universiteta [Some problems of Military Artillery University cadets’ professionalism formation]. Retrieved from: www document.//http://www.oim.ru/reader.asp?whichpage=l&mytip =l&word=&pagesize =15&Nomer= 13 [in Russian].
2. Ilin, E. P. (2011). Motivatsiya i motivy [Motivation and motives.]. Saint Petersburg: Piter [in Russian].
3. Nebylitsyn, V. D. (1990). Izbrannye psikhologicheskie trudy. [The chosen psychological works]. Lomov, B. F. (Ed.). Moscow: Pedagogika [in Russian].
4. Pavlov, I. P. (1951). Dvadtsatiletniy opyt obiektivnogo izucheniya vysshey nervnoy deyatelnosti (povedeniya) zhivotnykh [Twenty years' experience of objective studying of higher nervous activity (behavior) of animals]. Moscow: Medgiz [in Russian].
5. Artyushyna, M. V., Kotykova, O. M., Romanova, H. M. (Ed.). (2007). Psykholoho-pedahohichni aspekty realizatsiyi suchasnykh metodiv u vyshchiy shkoli: navch.posib. [Psycho-pedagogical aspects of modern methods in higher education: textbook]. Kyiv: KNTU [in Russian].
6. Raygorodskiy, D. Ya. (2008). Prakticheskaya diagnostika. Metoliki i testy. Uchebnoe posobie. [Practical diagnostics. Procedures and tests. Tutorial.]. Samara: «BAHRAH-M» [in Russian].
7. Simonov, P. V. (1975). Vysshaya nervnaya deyatelnost cheloveka. Motivatsionno-emocionalnye aspekty [The higher nervous activity of a man. Motivational and emotional aspects.]. Moscow: Nauka [in Russian].
8. Strelyau, Ya., Kraevski, A. (1974). Individualnyy stil deyatelnosti i sila nervnoy sistemy [Individual style of activity and nervous system power]. Psikhofiziologicheskie voprosy stanovleniya professionala – Psychophysiological issues of professional’s formation, (pp. 170-176). Moscow: Nauka [in Russian]. 9. Teplov, B. M. (1998). Psikhologiya i psikhofiziologiya individualnykh razlichiy [Psychology and psychophysiology of individual distinctions]. Moscow: Izd-vo Institut prakticheskoy psikhologii APN SSSR [in Russian].
10. Furman, O. E. (2015). Polimotyvatsiya – sponukalnyy parametr innovatsiyno-psykholohichnoho klimatu [Polimotivation as an arche of innovation and psychological climate.] Scientific Journal «ScienceRise», 6/1(11) [in Ukrainian].

(2016) Science and education, 7, 133-143. Odessa.

Oleksandr Sannikov,
PhD (Candidate of Psychological Sciences), senior researcher,
associate professor, Department of Theory and Methodology of Applied Psychology,
South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky, 4,
Fontanska doroha Str., Odesa, Ukraine

INFORMATION SYSTEM OPERATOR:
THE STRUCTURE AND COMPONENTS OF PERSONAL CHOICE

There has been considered the system organization of making a decision by an information system operator, the peculiarities of impact of operator’s personal qualities on forming and making a choice. The paper presents the results of qualitative (correlative) and quantitative analysis (method of aces, profile method) and the description of a psychological aspect of operator’s choice at two levels – subjective and environmental – formed by the set of interdependent components. The components of each level have been outlined; qualitative analysis of choice in the groups of dependent and self-dependent operators, the peculiarities of interconnection between decision-making properties have been described. The role of self-dependence in the system of choice properties has been shown.

decision-making, choice subject, contradiction, indeterminacy, risk, components of a choice situation

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8. Kornilova, T. V. (2003). Psikhologiya riska i prinyatiya resheniy [Psychology of risk and decision-making]. Moscow: Aspect Press [in Russian].
9. Kornilova, T. V. (2005). Metodologicheskie problemy psikhologii prinyatiya resheniy [Methodological problems of psychology of decision-making]. Psikhologicheskiy zhurnal – Psychological journal, 1, 7–17. (Vol. 26) [in Russian].
10. Kornilova, T. V. (2007). Samoregulyatsiya i lichnostno-motivatsionnaya regulyatsiya prinyatiya resheniy [Self-control and personally motivational regulation of decision-making]. Subyekt i lichnost v psikhologii samoregulyatsii – Subject and personality in psychology of selffulfillment. Morosanova V. I. (Ed.). (pp. 181–194). Moscow – Stavropol [in Russian].
11. Kornilova, T. V. (2013). Melburnskiy oprosnik prinyatiya resheniy: russkoyazychnaya adaptatsiya [Melbourne decision-making questionnaire: the Russianlanguage adaptation]. Psikhologicheskie issledovaniya – Psychological research. Vol. 6, 31, p. 4. Retrieved from: http://psystudy.ru [in Russian].
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14. Oboznov, A. A. (2005). Na puti postroeniya sistemnoy modeli psikhicheskoy regulyatsii operatorskoy deyatelnosti [Towards building a system model of mental regulation of operator’s activity]. Ideya sistemnosti v sovremennoy pskihologii – Idea of systemacity in modern psychology. V. A. Barabanschikov (Ed.). (pp. 386–404). Moscow: Publishing House of the «Institute of Psychology, Academy of Sciences» [in Russian].
15. Pomytkina, L. V. (2012). Osobystisni determinanty pryiniattia studentamy stratehichnykh zhyttievykh rishen [Personality determinants of making important strategic decision by students]. Problemy zahalnoi ta pedahohichnoi psykholohii: Zbirnyk naukovykh prats Instytutu psykholohii imeni H. S. Kostiuka NAPNU – Problems of General and Educational Psychology: Proceedings of the Institute of Psychology named after H. S. Kostiuk of the NAPS. (Vols. 14, Pt. 6). (pp. 366–374) [in Ukrainian].
16. Sannikov, A. I. (2010). Psikhologicheskie kharakteristiki vzaimodeystviya: analiz soderzhaniya i utochnenie ponyatiy [Psychological characteristics of interaction: content analysis and specification of concepts]. Visnyk Odeskoho natsionalnoho universytetu – Bulletin of Odessa National University, 11, 414–422. (Vols. 15). Odesa: Astroprint [in Russian].
17. Sannikov, A. I. (2012). Lichnostnye faktory prinyatiya resheniy [Personal factors of decision-making]. Nauka i osvita – Science and education, 6, 162–166 [in Russian].
18. Sannikov, A. I. (2013). Lichnostnye aspekty prinyatiya resheniy professionalom [Personal aspects of making decisions by a professional]. Nauka i osvita – Science and education, 7, 295-303 [in Russian].
19. Sannikov, A. I. (2014a). Activities and decisionmaking: a comparative analysis. Proceedings of the VII international research and practice conference «European Science and Technology». (Vols. II). Munich, April 23 th – 24 th, 2014. (pp. 364–368) [in English].
20. Sannikov, A. I. (2014b). Motivatsiya i pobuzhdenie v issledovaniyakh prinyatiya resheniy [Motivation and incentives in research on decision-making]. Nauka i osvita – Science and education, 11, 190-197 [in Russian].
21. Sannikov, A. I. (2014c). On the construction of meaningful decision-making model. Proceedings of the 1st European Conference on Education and Applied Psychology. «East West» Association for Advanced Studies and Higher Education GmbH. Vienna. (pp. 107–112) [in English].
22. Sannikov, A. I. (2015). Lichnostnye prediktory prinyatiya zhiznennykh resheniy [Personality predictors of making important decisions]. Nauka i osvita – Science and education, 10, 217–230 [in Russian].
23. Simon, H. A. (1967). Theory of Decision-making in Economics and Statistics. Psychological Bulletin, 68, 29-46 [in English].
24. Venda, V. F. (1990). Sistemy gibridnogo intellekta: Evolyutsiya, psikhologiya, informatika [Hybrid intelligence systems: evolution, psychology, computer science]. Moscow: Mechanical engineering [in Russian].